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Evolution of drug resistance in malaria parasites
Malaria Journal volume 11, Article number: P63 (2012)
Background
Efforts to relieve the burden caused by malaria rely critically on the availability of drugs targeting Plasmodium falciparum. The efficiency of these treatments is however seriously compromised by the appearance and spread of drug resistance. Resistance is observed today to some extent against every available drug, including recent reports of resistance to artemisinin. Resistant strains of P. falciparum can spread in affected areas if they fare better than sensitive strains over the entire transmission cycle, including within-human and within-vector infection phases. Both hosts likely represent widely different environments for the parasite, particularly in terms of exposure to drugs and host-specific costs of resistance, which could notably affect the outcome of competition between resistant and sensitive strains and ultimately the evolution of drug resistance.
Material and methods
To investigate this issue we present a model of malaria transmission combining between-hosts and within-hosts (human and vector) dynamics. The latter incorporates the impact of competition, treatment and immunity in a strain-specific fashion.
Results
We show how costs of resistance, particularly within-vector costs, affect the selection for resistant strains. We also explore how different drugs, acting on specific parts of the within-human cycle of P. falciparum, impact resistant strains (alone or in combination). Finally we also investigate the effect of vector control methods on the prevalence of resistance.
Conclusions
Weconclude that the evolution of resistance to antimalarial drugs is affected by biological specificities of the parasite across its entire life cycle, including dynamics within both hosts. Theoretical studies in this framework that incorporates parasites, humans and mosquitoes improve our understanding of the emergence and spread of drug resistance, and provide a better picture to investigate sustainable tools in the fight against malaria.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Legros, M., Bonhoeffer, S. Evolution of drug resistance in malaria parasites. Malar J 11 (Suppl 1), P63 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-S1-P63
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-S1-P63