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Table 2 Selected socio-economic characteristics in 749 children from southern highland Rwanda

From: Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among children in southern highland Rwanda

Parameter

Huye communities

Sovu Health Centre

Kabutare District Hospital

P

No.

545

103

101

 

Rural residence (%)

95.1 (507/533)

73.7 (70/95)*

66.0 (66/100) *

<0.0001

Monthly family income (RwF)a

9124

(0-100,000)

31,505

(0-300,000) *

28,916

(500-350,000) *

<0.0001

Mothers education (%)

    

   None

30.4 (165/543)

20.4 (21/103)

14.9 (15/101)

 

   Primary

67.0 (364/543)

68.0 (70/103)

69.3 (70/101)

 

   Secondary or higher

2.6 (14/543)

11.7 (12/103) *

15.8 (16/101) *

<0.0001

Mother's occupation farmer/labourer (%)

98.7 (533/540)

92.2 (95/103) *

78.2 (79/101) *†

<0.0001

Father's education (%)

    

   None

36.5 (195/534)

19.6 (20/102)

19.8 (20/101)

 

   Primary

60.1 (321/534)

67.6 (69/102)

60.4 (61/101)

 

   Secondary/tertiary

3.4 (18/534)

12.7 (13/102) *

19.8 (20/101) *

<0.0001

Father's occupation (%)

    

   Farmer/labourer

86.9 (472/543)

73.3 (74/101)

65.0 (65/100)

 

   Else

5.5 (30/543)

25.7 (26/101)

35.0 (35/100)

 

   Died/left/prisoner

7.6 (41/543)

1.0 (1/101) *

0 *

<0.0001

No. of people/householda

5.5 (2-12)

5.2 (3-12)

5.0 (2-12) *

0.03

No. of siblingsa

2.0 (0-9)

1.8 (0-7)

1.4 (0-6) *

0.002

Household asset present (%)

    

   Electricity

1.3 (7/542)

11.7 (12/103) *

23.8 (24/101) *†

<0.0001

   Piped water

14.3 (77/540)

6.8 (7/103) *

37.6 (38/101) *†

<0.0001

   Radio

43.2 (233/539)

67.0 (69/103) *

77.2 (78/101) *

<0.0001

   TV

0.7 (4/541)

5.9 (6/102) *

12.9 (13/101) *

<0.0001

   Cupboard

8.9 (48/540)

24.3 (25/103) *

37.6 (38/101) *†

<0.0001

   Bicycle

9.1 (49/540)

37.9 (39/103) *

27.7 (28/101) *

<0.0001

   Motor-bike

0.6 (3/540)

2.9 (3/102)

1.0 (1/101)

0.07

   Fridge

0 (0/541)

1.0 (1/102) *

2.0 (2/101) *

0.01

   Cattle

13.0 (70/539)

43.7 (45/103) *

20.8 (21/102) *†

<0.0001

Health insurance present (%)c

43.0 (234/544)

90.2 (92/102) *

79.3 (80/101) *†

<0.0001

Child received any drug in last 2 weeks

8.3 (45/545)

13.7 (14/102)

38.0 (38/100) *†

<0.0001

Child used bed net last night (%)

52.7 (286/543)

69.6 (71/102) *

73.3 (74/102) *

<0.0001

Chloroquine in plasma (%)

3.7 (20/545)

4.0 (4/101)

4.0 (4/101)

0.98

  1. Numerical data are means (range) unless otherwise indicated, and compared by the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. Proportions were compared by χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. a , n = 748; *, difference to Huye communities, P < 0.05; †, difference to Sovu health centre, P < 0.05
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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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