Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among children in southern highland Rwanda

Malaria Journal

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with P. falciparum infection (PCR)

Parameter	No.	Proportion infected (%)	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
Parameter	No.	Proportion infected (%)	OR	95%CI	P	aOR	95%CI	P
Group
Huye communities	545	16.1	1			1
Health Centre	101	21.4	1.41	0.81-2.45	0.20	2.74	1.44-5.19	0.002
District Hospital	103	14.9	0.91	0.48-1.70	0.74	1.72	0.86-3.44	0.12
Age (months)	749	n.a.	1.02	1.01-1.03	0.001	1.03	1.01-1.04	<0.0001
MUAC (cm)	748	n.a.	0.88	0.79-0.99	0.03	0.83	072-0.95	0.008
Mother's education
None	201	20.9	1
Primary	504	16.1	0.72	0.47-1.12	0.13
Secondary/tertiary	42	4.8	0.19	0.02-0.79	0.01
Father's education
None	235	23.0	1
Primary	451	14.2	0.55	0.36-0.85	0.004
Secondary/tertiary	51	7.8	0.29	0.07-0.84	0.01
Father's occupation
Farmer/labourer	611	16.9	1
Else	91	8.8	0.48	0.21-1.05	0.05
Died/left/prisoner	42	31.0	2.21	1.05-4.60	0.02
Pipe-born water
No	622	18.3	1
Yes	122	7.4	0.35	0.16-0.75	0.003
Cupboard
No	633	18.3	1			1
Yes	111	6.3	0.30	0.11-0.66	0.002	0.37	0.15-0.92	0.03
Radio
No	363	23.7	1			1
Yes	380	9.5	0.34	0.22-0.52	<0.0001	0.40	0.24-0.66	0.0003
Bicycle
No	628	18.5	1			1
Yes	116	6.0	0.28	0.11-0.63	0.0009	0.38	0.15-1.0	0.049
Household income
>= 5000 RwF (median)	498	14.5	1
< 5000 RwF	250	21.2	1.59	1.05-2.40	0.02
Use of bed net
No	315	21.0	1
Yes	431	13.7	0.60	0.40-0.90	0.009
Intake of AL, preceding 2 weeks
No	725	15.4	1			1
Yes	24	54.4	6.47	2.64-15.9	<0.0001	6.93	2.70-17.78	<0.0001
Chloroquine in plasma
No	719	14.5	1			1
Yes	28	67.9	12.48	5.19-32.1	<0.0001	17.18	6.84-43.16	<0.0001

n.a., not applicable; MUAC, mid upper arm circumference; RwF, Rwandan Francs; AL, artemether-lumefantrine; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted OR derived from logistic regression including all parameters listed here and following stepwise backward removal of factors not associated in multivariate analysis.

ISSN: 1475-2875