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Table 3 Predictors of a risk of obtaining a false negative RDT results among individuals with positive blood smears as determinants of RDT sensitivity in the longitudinal study and CSS in Korogwe and Muheza districts

From: Accuracy of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in community studies and their impact on treatment of malaria in an area with declining malaria burden in north-eastern Tanzania

 

Longitudinal study

CSS

Variable/covariate

Sensitivity (%)

Unadjusted

OR(p-value)

Adjusted

OR(p-value)

Sensitivity (%)

Unadjusted

OR(p-value)

Adjusted

OR(p-value)

RDT type

      

Paracheck

1422/1616(88.0)

reference

reference

475/639(74.3)

reference

reference

Parahit

1919/2152(89.2)

0.89(0.259)

1.03(0.896)

188/406(46.3)

3.36(< 0.001)

8.63(< 0.001)

Age group

      

< 5 years

761/845(90.1)

reference

reference

130/184(70.7)

reference

reference

≥5 years

2580/2923(88.3)

1.20(0.148)

0.65(0.005)

533/861(61.9)

1.48(0.026)

0.98(0.682)

Fever (axillary temperature ≥37.5°C)

      

No fever

1514/1787(84.7)

reference

reference

596/969(61.5)

reference

reference

With fever

1826/1980(92.2)

0.47(< 0.001)

0.63(< 0.001)

60/65(92.3)

0.13(< 0.001)

0.32(0.027)

Pf Density(asexual parasites/μl)

      

≥4001

2274/2355(96.6)

reference

reference

167/187(89.3)

reference

reference

2001-4000

162/177(91.5)

2.60(0.001)

2.465(0.001)

54/59(91.5)

0.77(0.623)

0.84(0.752)

801-2000

232/262(88.6)

3.63(< 0.001)

3.73(< 0.001)

105/128(82.0)

1.83(0.067)

1.77(0.104)

201-800

359/429(83.7)

5.47(< 0.001)

5.21(< 0.001)

188/248(75.8)

2.66(< 0.001)

2.00(< 0.001)

< 200

314/545(57.6)

20.65(< 0.001)

21.17(< 0.001)

149/423(35.2)

15.36(< 0.001)

16.60(< 0.001)

Year*

      

2007

1912/2132(89.7)

reference

reference

147/201(74.1)

reference

reference

2008

1141/1272(89.7)

0.99(0.985)

1.19(0.510)

326/438(74.4)

0.98(0.936)

1.85(0.013)

2009

192/247(77.7)

2.45(< 0.001)

2.63(< 0.001)

122/246(49.6)

2.91(< 0.001)

0,72(0.198)

2010

96/117(82.1)

1.90(0.011)

3.91(< 0.001)

66/160(41.3)

4.08(< 0.001)

0.99(0.998)

Location**

      

Highland

1084/1199(90.4)

reference

reference

22/51(43.1)

reference

reference

Lowland

2257/2569(87.9)

1.20(0.026)

1.10(0.441)

641/994(64.5)

0.41(0.003)

0.19(< 0.001)

  1. RDT = malaria rapid diagnostic tests, CSS = cross-sectional surveys, OR = odds ratio, Pf = Plasmodium falciparum
  2. *Year of study was used to represent malaria parasite prevalence in both studies.
  3. **Geographical location of the village based on altitude indicating level of malaria transmission