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Table 2 Analysis of household attributes associated with malaria parasitaemia

From: Malaria epidemiology in the Ahafo area of Ghana

Attribute

n/N (%)

ORβ, (95% CI)

p

ORγ, (95% CI)

p

  

Unadjusted

 

Adjusted

 

Gender of household head

     

Female

176/796 (22.1)

1

-

1

-

Male

188/827 (22.7)

1.04 (0.82 - 1.31)

0.764

0.99 (0.77 - 1.27)

0.954

Age group of household head

     

15 - 29

39/180 (21.7)

1

-

1

-

30 - 39

74/447 (16.6)

0.71 (0.46 - 1.10)

0.003*

0.75 (0.47 - 1.20)

0.042*

40 - 49

107/428 (25.0)

1.21 (0.79 - 1.83)

 

1.26 (0.79 - 2.03)

 

50 - 59

65/225 (28.9)

1.47 (0.93 - 2.32)

 

1.38 (0.82 - 2.34)

 

60+

71/317 (22.4)

1.04 (0.67 - 1.62)

 

1.12 (0.66 - 1.91)

 

Household head educational level

     

None

164/586 (28.0)

1

-

1

-

Primary

42/200 (21.0)

0.68 (0.47 - 1.01)

< 0.001*

0.78 (0.51 - 1.18)

0.499*

Middle/JHS

125/631 (19.8)

0.64 (0.49 - 0.83)

 

0.80 (0.58 - 1.10)

 

> middle/JHS

31/207 (15.0)

0.45 (0.30 - 0.69)

 

0.86 (0.52 - 1.41)

 

Household socioeconomic status

     

Poorest

103/348 (29.6)

1

-

1

-

Second

81/323 (25.1)

0.80 (0.57 - 1.12)

< 0.001*

0.88 (0.60 - 1.27)

0.047*

Third

83/334 (24.9)

0.79 (0.56 - 1.1)

 

0.91 (0.61 - 1.34)

 

Fourth

52/327 (15.9)

0.45 (0.31 - 0.65)

 

0.59 (0.38 - 0.92)

 

Least poor

43/296 (14.5)

0.40 (0.27 - 0.60)

 

0.56 (0.35 - 0.91)

 

Member of Health Insurance

     

No

250/927 (27.0)

1

-

1

-

Yes

112/701 (16.0)

0.51 (0.40 - 0.66)

< 0.001

0. 60 (0.45 - 0.80)

0.001

Household ITN ownership

     

No

124/498 (24.9)

1

-

1

-

Yes

232/1107 (21.0)

0.80 (0.62 - 1.03)

0.079

0.81 (0.62 - 1.07)

0.147

Household size

     

≤ 6

130/696 (18.7)

1

-

1

-

> 6

232/932 (24.9)

1.44 (1.13 - 1.84)

0.003

1.15 (0.85 - 1.54)

0.364

Area of residence

     

Asutifi impact

50/236 (21.2)

1

-

1

-

Asutifi non impact

34/148 (23.0)

1.11 (0.68 - 1.82)

< 0.001*

0.85 (0.49 - 1.47)

0.065*

Tano N/S impact

94/575 (16.4)

0.73 (0.50 - 1.07)

 

0.92 (0.60 - 1.40)

 

Tano N/S non impact

103/358 (28.8)

1.50 (1.02 - 2.21)

 

1.43 (0.93 - 2.20)

 

Techiman

81/311 (26.1)

1.31 (0.88 - 2.0)

 

1.27 (0.79 - 2.02)

 
  1. β-Univariate logistic regression odds ratio (OR); γ-multivariate logistic regression odds ratio (OR); CI-confidence interval; * -Likelihood ratio p-values; JHS-Junior High School