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Table 3 Alternative anti-malarial prescribing at facilities with and without ACT stock

From: Taking stock: provider prescribing practices in the presence and absence of ACT stock

Country, year of study

Percentage of patients diagnosed with uncomplicated malaria/fever and prescribed alternative anti-malarials to ACT

 

All facilities, % (n)

Facilities with ACT stock, %(n)

No ACT stock

% differencea (95% Confidence Intervalb; p-value)

Kenya, 2006 [19]

AQ

AQ

AQ

AQ

 

38.6%

(363/940)

36.7%

(318/866)

60.8%

(45/74)

-24.1%

(-36.4%, -11.8%; p < 0.001)

 

SP

SP

SP

SP

 

4.4%

(41/940)

3.2%

(28/866)

17.6%

(13/74)

-14.4%

(-23.8%, 4.8%; p < 0.001)

 

AQ+SP

AQ+SP

AQ+SP

AQ+SP

 

2.8%

(26/940)

3%

(26/866)

0/74

3%

 

Other AM c

Other AM c

Other AM c

Other AM c

 

3.3% (31/940)

3.3% (29/866)

2.7% (2/74)

0.6%

(0.3%, 11%; p = 1.0)

 

QN

QN

QN

QN

 

1.5%

(14/940)

1.5%

(13/866)

1.4%

(1/74)

0.1%

(0.16%, 46.6%; p = 1.0)

Kenya, 2010 [14]e

AL+QN

AL+QN

AL+QN

AL+QN

 

<5 yrs: 5.8%

(55/950)

5 yrs: 2.6%

(31/1175)

<5 yrs: 6%

(55/913)

5 yrs: 2.8%

(31/1112)

<5 yrs: 0/37

5 yrs: 0/63

<5 yrs: 6%

5 yrs: 2.8%

 

SP

SP

SP

SP

 

2.6%

(56/2125)

1.9%

(38/2025)

18%

(18/100)

-16.1%(-24.2%,

8%; p < 0.001)

 

QN

QN

QN

QN

 

<5 yrs: 2.6%

(25/950)

5 yrs: 1.4%

(16/1175)

<5 yrs: 2.6%

(24/913)

5 yrs: 1.3%

(14/1112)

<5 yrs: 2.7%

(1/37)

5 yrs: 3.2%

(2/63)

<5 yrs:-0.1%

(-0.1%, 41.1%; p = 1.0)

5 yrs: -1.9%

(-3.6%, .09%; p = 0.2)

Uganda, 2007 [18]

CQ+SP

CQ+SP

CQ+SP

CQ+SP

 

<5 yrs: 7.6%

(35/461)

≥ 5 yrs: 18%

(133/739)

< 5 yrs: 5.1%

(22/428)

≥ 5 yrs: 14.8%

(95/644)

< 5 yrs: 39.4%

(13/33)

≥ 5 yrs: 40.0%

(38/95)

< 5 yrs: -34.3%

(-81.4%, -45.8%;

p < 0.001)

≥ 5 yrs: -25.2%

(-36.1%, -14.4%;

p < 0.001)

 

CQ

CQ

CQ

CQ

 

< 5 yrs: 2.2%

(10/461)

≥ 5 yrs: 3%

(22/739)

< 5 yrs: 2.1%

(9/428)

≥ 5 yrs: 2.5%

(16/644)

< 5 yrs: 3%

(1/33)

≥ 5 yrs: 6.3%

(6/95)

< 5 yrs: -0.9%

(-31.1%, 0.1%;

p = 0.5)

≥ 5 yrs: -3.8%

(-9.5%, 1.8%;

p = 0.08)

 

SP

SP

SP

SP

 

< 5 yrs: 0.4%

(2/461)

≥ 5 yrs: 1.0%

(7/739)

< 5 yrs: 0.5%

(2/428)

≥ 5 yrs: 0.9%

(6/644)

< 5 yrs: 0 (0/33)

≥ 5 yrs: 1.0% (1/95)

< 5 yrs: 0.5%

≥ 5 yrs: -0.1%

(0.1%, 41.1%; p = 1)

 

QN

QN

QN

QN

 

< 5 yrs: 5.9% (27/461)

≥ 5 yrs: 2.8% (21/739)

< 5 yrs: 5.1% (22/428)

≥ 5 yrs: 2.5% (16/644)

< 5 yrs: 15.2% (5/33)

≥ 5 yrs: 5.3% (5/95)

< 5 yrs: -10.1%

(-24.1%, 4%; p = 0.05)

≥ 5 yrs: -2.8%

(-8%, 2.5%; p = 0.2)

 

Other AM d

Other AM d

Other AM d

Other AM d

 

< 5 yrs: 3.5% (16/461)

≥ 5 yrs: 1.9% (14/739)

< 5 yrs: 3.5% (15/428)

≥ 5 yrs: 1.9% (12/644)

< 5 yrs: 3.0% (1/33)

≥ 5 yrs: 2.1% (2/95)

< 5 yrs: 0.5%

(0.16%,48.9%; p = 1.0)

≥ 5 yrs: -0.2%

(0.19%, 8.2%; p = 0.7)

Zambia, 2004 [16]

SP

SP

SP

SP

 

≥ 10 kg: 67.5% (266/394)

≥ 10 kg: 53.7% (103/192)

≥ 10 kg: 80.7% (163/202)

≥ 10 kg: -27%

(-36.5%, -17.6%; p < 0.001)

 

QN

QN

QN

QN

 

≥ 10 kg: 4.8% (19/394)

≥ 10 kg: 3.1% (6/192)

≥ 10 kg: 6.4% (13/202)

≥ 10 kg: -3.3%

(-8%, 1.4%; p = 0.2)

Zambia, 2006 [17]

SP

SP

SP

SP

 

5-9 kg: 38.8% (214/552)

≥ 10 kg: 27.6% (151/547)

5-9 kg: 21.9% (77/351)

≥ 10 kg: 13.6% (51/374)

5-9 kg: 68.2% (137/201)

≥ 10 kg: 57.8% (100/173)

5-9 kg: -46.3%

(-54.4%, -38.1%; p < 0.001)

10 kg: -44.2%

(-52.7%, -35.6%; p < 0.001)

 

QN

QN

QN

QN

 

5-9 kg: 4.7% (26/552)

≥ 10 kg: 7.0% (38/547)

5-9 kg: 2.3% (8/351)

≥ 10 kg: 3.7% (14/374)

5-9 kg: 9.0% (18/201)

≥ 10 kg: 13.9% (24/173)

5-9 kg:-6.7%

(-11.3%, -2,%; p < 0.001)

≥ 10 kg:-10.2%

(-16.1%, -4.2%; p < 0.001)

Zambia, 2006 [15]f, g

SP

SP

SP

SP

 

32.8%

(479/1457)

20.4%

(212/1040)

64%

(267/417)

-43.6%

(-41.3%, -31.4%; p < 0.001)

 

QN

QN

QN

QN

 

3.7%

(54/1457)

3.7%

(28/1040)

6.2%

(26/417)

-2.5%

(-5.3%, -0.7%; p = 0.003)

  1. N/A Not applicable
  2. a Difference is the proportion of patients who received alternative anti-malarials at facilities with ACT stock minus the proportion of patients who received alternative anti-malarials at facilities with no ACT stock
  3. b Confidence interval not adjusted for clustering at facility level
  4. cOther AM = Other Anti-malarial, includes DHA, AQ+QN, SP+QN, AL+QN, AQ+SP+QN
  5. dOther AM = Other Anti-malarial, includes AQ+SP, AL+SP, AL+SP+CQ, QN+SP, AL+QN, AL+CQ
  6. e Results are prescribing practices for febrile patients,
  7. f Results based on all age groups,
  8. g Analysis restricted to facilities where diagnositcs were available, test negative results excluded from analysis