A review of mixed malaria species infections in anopheline mosquitoes

Malaria Journal

Table 1 Sensitivity of different methods of parasite detection used in studies of mixed infection

	Detection method	References	Species	Gold standard	Sensitivity	Specificity	Quoted lower limit
1	CS-ELISA	Wirtz et al.,1985 [17]	PV-VK210 PV-VK247				125-250 sporozoites per 30 μL mosquito extract
2	CS-ELISA	Wirtz et al.,1987 [18]	PF				100 sporozoites per mosquito
3	CS-ELISA	Collins et al.,1988 [19]	PM				25-50 sporozoites per mosquito
4	PCR on pfdhfr-ts	Harada et al.,2000 [20]	PF				4 pg of DNA (100 P/μL)
5	PCR on ssrRNA	Snounou et al.,1993 [21, 22]	PF, PV, PM, PO				10 P/μL
6	Semi-nested PCR on ssrRNA	Larduex et al.,2008 [23]	PF, PV, PM, PO				3 sporozoites (0.06 pg of DNA)
		Rubio et al.,1999 and 2002 [24, 25]		Thick- thin films	100%	67%	0.1 P/μL
7	PCR-RFLP on Cyt B gene	Hasan et al,2009 [26]	PF, PV-VK210, PV-VK247				0.2 pg of DNA
8	Real-time PCR ssrRNA	Mangold et al.,2005 [27]	PF, PV, PM, PO	Microscopy analysis	PF 94.1% PV100% PO 100%	PF100% PV99.1% PO100%	0.01-0.02% parasitaemia
9	RT-PCR on pfg377 and pfs16 mRNA	Nakazawa et al.,2009 [28]	PF				1 parasite per salivary gland
10	Real-time PCR 18S rRNA	Perandin et al.,2004 [29]	PF, PV, PO	Nested-PCR	100%	100%	PF 0.7P/μL, PV 4P/μL, PO 1.5P/μL
11	Dipstick	Bangs et al.,2002 [30]	PF, PV-VK210, PV-VK247	CS-ELISA	100%	97%	-
12	Vectest Dipstick	Ryan et al.,2002 [31]	PF, PV-VK210, PV-VK247	CS-ELISA	92%	98.10%	-
13	Fluorescein-labelled DNA probe	Lulu et al.,1997 [32]	PF				500 sporozoites
14	Microtiter plate hybridization	Kimura et al.,1997 [33] Tangin et al.,2008 [34]	PF, PV, PM, PO				0.0001-0.0005% parasitaemia

P: malaria parasite, CS: circumsporozoite protein, pfdhfr-ts: Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase. PF: Plasmodium falciparum, PV: Plasmodium vivax, PO: Plasmodium ovale, PM: Plasmodium malariae.

ISSN: 1475-2875