Figure 5

Quantitation of AQP4, GFAP and fibrinogen using digital image analysis. Brain maps showing low (blue), medium (green) and high (red) levels of immunolabelling for Aquaporin 4 (top row), Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; middle row) and Fibrinogen (bottom row). Maps of pKDR are not shown since all images appear almost entirely blue at this magnification. Each image represents half a transverse section of brainstem separated from the other half for presentation purposes at the 4^th ventricle (4V) to the anterior median fissure (AMF). For orientation, other histological features have been labelled on the middle image, first row: medial lemniscus (ML), inferior olivary nucleus (IOL) and pyramidal tracts (PT). Each column shows serial sections from the same patient staining for the different markers. Tissue sections were digitized, regions of low, medium and high expression were selected by density thresholding and areas were calculated and summated using SigmaScan Pro5.