Figure 2

IFN-γ is associated with protection induced by LSA3 in chimpanzees. Summary of specific IFN-γ responses in eighteen chimpanzees immunized either by LSA3 recombinant proteins or by Peptides/Lipopeptides. Chimpanzees were challenged once or twice (*) with P. falciparum sporozoites. After immunization, the IFN-γ producing T cell responses were compared in protected versus non-protected animals. Chimpanzees that received adjuvant alone or saline alone (vehicle) were used as controls. The production of IFN-γ was assessed after in vitro stimulation with LSA3 peptides (squares) or Rc proteins (circles) using either ELISA (A), as described [55] or ex-vivo ELISpot (B) as described [53, 56].