Table 1 Characteristics of the study population and households, by study year
| Â | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
|---|---|---|---|
Participants | N = 330 | N = 435 | N = 716 |
   Age: Median (IQR) | 12.8 (5.2, 31.8) | 14.3 (6.4, 34.3) | 13.9 (6.4, 31.5) |
0-5 | 76 (23.0) | 84 (19.4) | 142 (19.8) |
5-10 | 67 (20.3) | 76 (17.6) | 124 (17.3) |
10-20 | 63 (19.1) | 113 (26.1) | 187 (26.1) |
20-30 | 37 (11.2) | 36 (8.3) | 74 (10.3) |
30-40 | 34 (10.3) | 35 (8.1) | 63 (8.8) |
40-50 | 23 (7.0) | 38 (8.8) | 50 (7.0) |
50-60 | 8 (2.4) | 25 (5.8) | 25 (2.5) |
≥ 60 | 22 (6.7) | 26 (6.0) | 51 (7.1) |
   Male: N (%) | 153 (46.4) | 207 (47.6) | 342 (47.8) |
   Education: N (%)a |  |  |  |
< Grade 1 | 3 (2.3) | 7 (3.9) | 13 (4.4) |
Grade 1-6 | 29 (22.3) | 64 (35.2) | 82 (27.6) |
Grade 7-12 | 97 (74.6) | 110 (60.4) | 197 (66.3) |
University/certificate/technical training | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (1.7) |
Households | N = 52 | N = 76 | N = 119 |
   Source of water: N (%) |  |  |  |
Private well or pump | 5 (9.6) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (1.7) |
Public well or pump | 30 (57.7) | 39 (51.3) | 73 (61.3) |
Public stand pipe | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.6) | 1 (0.8) |
Unprotected well | 3 (5.8) | 12 (15.8) | 22 (18.5) |
River or stream | 14 (26.9) | 22 (29.0) | 21 (17.7) |
   Toilet: N (%) |  |  |  |
Pit latrine | 24 (46.2) | 37 (48.7) | 98 (82.4) |
No facility/bush/field | 27 (51.9) | 39 (51.3) | 21 (17.6) |
Other | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
   Source of light: N (%) |  |  |  |
Candle | 4 (7.7) | 3 (4.0) | 24 (20.2) |
Lantern | 45 (86.5) | 67 (88.2) | 77 (64.7) |
Other | 3 (5.8) | 6 (7.9) | 18 (15.1) |
   Material of floor: N (%) |  |  |  |
Cement | 18 (34.6) | 11 (14.5) | 29 (24.4) |
Earth | 34 (65.4) | 65 (85.5) | 90 (75.6) |
   Material of walls: N (%) |  |  |  |
Fired brick/cement | 44 (84.6) | 69 (90.8) | 106 (89.1) |
Pole and mud/grass | 1 (1.9) | 3 (4.0) | 9 (7.5) |
Unfired bricks | 7 (13.5) | 4 (5.3) | 4 (3.4) |
   Material of roof: N (%) |  |  |  |
Iron sheets/corrugated tin | 12 (23.1) | 19 (25.0) | 34 (28.6) |
Pole and grass | 36 (69.2) | 56 (73.4) | 82 (68.9) |
Other | 4 (7.7) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (2.5) |