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Table 1 Univariate analysis of variables examined as potential risk factors for malaria in children

From: Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania

Variable

n

Cases (%)

OR (95% CI)*

p-value

Individual

    

   Age group

    

6 months-4 years

518

48 (9.3)

1.0

-

5-13 years

919

160 (17.4)

2.06 (1.26-3.38)

0.015

   Sex

    

Male

727

123 (16.9)

1.0

-

Female

702

85 (12.1)

0.68 (0.44-1.05)

0.068

   Body mass index (BMI) (per additional unit)

1436

208 (14.5)

0.97 (0.90-1.05)

0.40

   Socioeconomic status (per additional point score)

1437

208 (14.5)

0.87 (0.72-1.06)

0.12

   Number of co-residents (per additional resident)

1432

207 (14.5)

1.05 (0.94-1.17)

0.26

Prevention behaviour

    

   Mosquito Net use

    

None

556

109 (19.6)

1.0

-

Untreated mosquito net

59

8 (13.6)

0.64 (0.22-1.88)

0.32

Insecticide-treated mosquito net

659

70 (10.6)

0.49 (0.30-0.78)

0.013

   Frequency of net use

    

Every night - seasonal

235

29 (12.3)

1.0

-

Every night - year round

625

66 (10.6)

0.84 (0.42-1.68)

0.52

   Number of holes in net (per additional hole)

875

98 (11.2)

0.98 (0.91-1.06)

0.51

   Proximity of penned livestock

    

No livestock penned < 20 m from house

835

131 (15.7)

1.0

-

Livestock penned < 20 m from house

594

77 (13.0)

0.80 (0.50-1.27)

0.25

House related

    

   Elevation

1393

204 (14.6)

1.00 (1.00-1.01)

0.28

   Wall material

    

Cement

327

41 (12.5)

1.0

-

Mud

1089

161 (14.8)

1.21 (0.68-2.14)

0.41

Wood

9

3 (33.3)

3.49 (0.31-39.29)

0.23

Other

5

1 (20)

1.74 (0.12-24.55)

0.59

   Roof material

    

Metal sheet

722

100 (13.9)

1.0

-

Grass

75

6 (8.0)

0.54 (0.14-2.06)

0.27

Coconut palm

588

97 (16.5)

1.23 (0.77-1.97)

0.29

Other

42

1 (2.4)

0.15 (0.01-2.52)

0.14

   Eaves

    

Closed

164

16 (9.8)

1.0

-

Open

1261

189 (15.0)

1.63 (0.73-3.63)

0.17

   House size (m2)

1428

207 (14.5)

0.99 (0.99-1.00)

0.65

   Number of rooms (per additional room)

1429

208 (14.6)

0.87 (0.68-1.11)

0.19

   Number of windows (per additional window)

1426

207 (14.5)

0.86 (0.75-0.99)

0.038

   Number of doors (per additional door)

1430

208 (14.5)

0.98 (0.66-1.46)

0.90

  1. * Robust confidence intervals adjusted for within village and within household clustering of cases