Table 3 Modified classification of treatment outcomes for trials on herbal antimalarials in high transmission areas [31, 43]

Adequate Clinical Response(ACR)

On day 14, without previously meeting any of the criteria of Early Treatment Failure or Late Treatment Failure:

• Either absence of parasitaemia irrespective of axillary temperature

• Or axillary temperature <37.5°C and no history of fever in the last 24 hours irrespective of the presence of parasitaemia

Early Treatment Failure (ETF)

• Development of danger signs or severe malaria on Day 1, Day 2 or Day 3, in the presence of parasitaemia;

• Parasitaemia on Day 2 higher than Day 0 count irrespective of axillary temperature;

• Parasitaemia on Day 3 with axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 °C;

afebrile patients with parasitaemia on day 3 ≥25% of count on day 0 will NOT be counted as early treatment failures, but will be observed closely

Late Treatment Failure (LTF)

• Development of danger signs or severe malaria after Day 3 in the presence of parasitaemia, without previously meeting any of the criteria of Early Treatment Failure

• Presence of parasitaemia and axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 °C (or history of fever) on any day from Day 4 to Day 14, without previously meeting any of the criteria of Early Treatment Failure