Surveillance tools | Control phase Intense stable endemic (hyper-holoendemic) | Intensified Control phase Moderate stable endemic (mesoendemic) | Elimination phase Unstable endemic (hypoendemic/ outbreak risk) | Elimination phase Non-endemic, disease free (outbreak risk) |
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Case finding and treatment | PCD and standard treatment protocol | PCD and standard treatment protocol PLUS Baseline MBS with radical treatment (with G6PD testing or DOTs) and transmission risk mapping/coverage mapping | PCD and standard treatment protocol PLUS 'Reactive' case detection/case investigation with targeted/localised MDA (particularly in context of low parasitaemia/low prevalence) | PCD and standard treatment protocol PLUS 'Reactive' case detection/case investigation with targeted/localised MDA PLUS Maintenance phase periodic survey of age stratified serology to confirm disease free status |
Entomology | Resistance monitoring and evaluation of effectiveness of vector control interventions | Resistance monitoring and evaluation of effectiveness of vector control interventions | Regular entomological surveys to monitor resistance development, effectiveness of integrated vector control interventions and vector behaviour | Maintenance entomological surveys |
Border surveillance | Not indicated | Not indicated | Targeted sub- national border surveillance based on transmission data (i.e. use only if transmission is a result of mobility and repeated re-introduction rather than from persistent indigenous foci) | National level border surveillance |
Community engagement | Education and engagement of influential community-based structures to encourage early treatment-seeking for fever | Education and engagement of influential community-based structures to encourage early treatment-seeking for fever PLUS participatory vector surveillance activities | 'Eyes and ears' approach for early treatment-seeking/ case reporting PLUS participatory vector surveillance PLUS Feedback of surveillance data to communities to maintain motivation (consider incentives for community case identification in final push to eliminate**) | Incentives for case identification** PLUS participatory vector surveillance during elimination and maintenance PLUS Feedback of surveillance data to community (+/- SMS technology) |