Characteristics | 1996-2000 | 2002-2008 | 2008-2009 | P valuea |
---|---|---|---|---|
 | n = 180 (%) | n = 176 (%) | n = 133 (%) |  |
Use of SP in pregnancyb | ||||
 Yes |  |  |  |  |
 No | 17 (9.4) | 90 (53.6) | 90 (67.7) | <0.001 |
 | 163 (90.6) | 78 (46.4) | 43 (32.3) |  |
Septrin/Cotrimoxazole use | ||||
 Yes | - | - | 32 (23.1) | - |
 No | - | - | 101 (75.9) |  |
Mother’s age | ||||
 Mean ± SD (years) | 20.4 ± 4.1 | 21.1 ± 4.5 | 22.3 ± 5.3 | 0.002 |
Gravidity | ||||
 Primigravid | 104 (57.8) | 90 (51.1) | 72 (54.1) |  |
 Secundigravid | 40 (22.2) | 41 (23.3) | 25 (18.8) | 0.50 |
 Multigravid | 36 (20.0) | 45 (25.6) | 36 (27.1) |  |
Placental malaria (parasites/μl) | ||||
 Geometric mean | 1688.3* | 2212.8 | 3006.5* | 0.10 |
 (95 % CI) | (1220.01 to 2336.2) | (1558.2 to 3142.4) | (1946 to 4644.7) |  |
Peripheral malaria (parasites/μl) | ||||
 Geometric mean | 713.1 | 884.3 | 683.7 | 0.56 |
 (95 % CI) | (534.4 to 951.5) | (597.7 to 1308.2) | (463.9 to 1007.7) |  |
Maternal anaemia at deliveryc | ||||
 <11 g/dl | 99 (55.9) | 63 (55.3) | 90 (67.7) | 0.030 |
 >11 g/dl | 78 (44.1) | 51 (44.7) | 43 (32.3) |  |
HIV status | ||||
 HIV- | 96 (53.3) | 120 (68.2) | 95 (70.9) | 0.002 |
 HIV+ | 84 (46.7) | 56 (31.8) | 38 (29.1) |  |
50 | ||||
 C (TGT) | 180 (100) | 176 (100) | 132 (100) | N/A |
 R (C GT) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
51 | ||||
 N (AAT) | 38 (21.1) | 3 (1.7) | 3 (2.3) | <0.001 |
 I (AT T) | 142 (78.9) | 173 (98.3) | 130 (97.7) |  |
59 | ||||
 C (TGT) | 87 (48.3) | 26 (14.8) | 13 (9.8) | <0.001 |
 R (C GT) | 93 (51.7) | 150 (85.2) | 120 (90.2) |  |
108 | ||||
 S (AGC) | 4 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.031 |
 N (AA C) | 176 (97.8) | 176 (100) | 133 (100) |  |
164 | ||||
 I (ATA) | 180 (100) | 175 (99.4) | 131 (99.2) | 0.54 |
 L (T TA) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.8) |  |
436& | ||||
 S (TCT) | 159 (88.3) | 171 (97.2) | 124 (93.9) | 0.004 |
 A/F/H (G CT/TT T/CA T) | 21 (11.7) | 5 (2.8) | 8 (6.1) |  |
437 | ||||
 A (GCT) | 103 (57.2) | 4 (2.3) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
 G (GG T) | 77 (42.8) | 172 (97.7) | 133 (100) |  |
540 | ||||
 K (AAA) | 124 (68.9) | 6 (3.4) | 1 (0.8) | <0.001 |
 E (G AA) | 56 (31.1) | 170 (96.6) | 132 (99.2) |  |
581 | ||||
 A (GCG) | 180 (100) | 176 (100) | 124 (94.7) | <0.001 |
 G (GG G) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (5.3) |  |
613 | ||||
 A (GCC) | 178 (100) | 176 (100) | 133 (100) | N/A |
 T/S (A CC/T CC) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |