Implementation of basic quality control tests for malaria medicines in Amazon Basin countries: results for the 2005–2010 period

Table 2 Results of visual and physical inspection and basic tests by country

Country	Year	Total Sampled	Total Failed	Failed V & P Inspection¹		Failed Basic Tests
Country	Year	Total Sampled	Total Failed	Total	Expired	Disintegration	TLC
Bolivia²	2006	139	37	37	37	0	0
	2007	76	21	19	19	2	0
	2008	67	0	0	0	0	0
	2009	24	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivia Total		306	58 (19.0%)	56 (18.3%)	56 (18.3%)	2 (0.7%)	0
Brazil³	2006	32	7	4	4	0	3
	2007	187	12	1	1	0	11
	2008	94	1	1	1	0	0
Brazil Total		313	20 (6.4%)	6 (1.9%)	6 (1.9%)	0	14 (4.5%)
Colombia²	2006	108	0	0	0	0	0
	2007	192	17	10	1	7	0
	2008	155	29	29	29	0	0
	2009	42	0	0	0	0	0
	2010	60	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia Total		557	46 (8.3%)	39 (7.0%)	30 (5.4%)	7 (1.3%)	0
Ecuador	2005	43	11	6	4	1	4
	2006	59	7	6	6	1	0
	2007	7	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuador Total		109	18 (16.5%)	12 (11.0%)	10 (9.2%)	2 (1.8%)	4 (3.7%)
Guyana	2007	62	1	0	0	1	0
	2008	72	18	6	6	12	0
	2009	33	1	1	1	0	0
	2010	122	1	1	1	0	0
Guyana Total		289	21 (7.3%)	8 (2.8%)	8 (2.8%)	13 (4.5%)	0
Suriname	2007	20	0	0	0	0	0
Suriname Total		20	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela	2006	12	4	4	0	0	0
Venezuela	2007	57	26	17	8	0	9 (13.0%)
Venezuela Total		69	30 (43.5%)	21 (30.4%)	8 (11.6%)	0	9 (13.0%)
Total		1663	193 (11.6%)	142 (8.5%)	118 (7.1)	24 (1.4%)	27 (1.6%)

V&P = visual and physical inspection; TLC = thin-layer chromatography.
¹ In the V&P columns, the first represent total failures, including expired samples, and the second only expired samples.
² All expired samples were submitted to quality control testing.
³ For doxycycline, (Brazil) and dihydroartemisinin or piperaquine (Suriname), there was no validated TLC method available at the time and only disintegration was assessed.

ISSN: 1475-2875