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Table 1 Participant characteristics at first antenatal visit

From: Zinc erythrocyte protoporphyrin as marker of malaria risk in pregnancy - a retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Characteristic

n

%

Age ≤19 years*

  

2,839

21.7

Haemoglobinconcentration atfirst antenatal visit (1st ANV) Hb < 11 (g/dL)

  

4,071

88.9

Mid- upper arm circumference ( <23 cm)

  

3,746

7.4

Primigravidae

  

4,103

19.9

Secundigravidae

  

4,103

17.3

Multigravidae

  

4,103

62.8

Body mass index (BMI) (<18.5 kg/m2)

  

4,037

7.5

Nutrition status (BMI  < 18.5 and MUAC <23 cm)

  

4,002

2.6

ZPP >2.7 μg ZP/g Hb

1st ANV

All gravidae

3,970

44.9

  

Primigravidae

788

23.1

  

Secundigravidae

690

17.8

  

Multigravidae

2,492

59.1

MCHC <32.0 g/dL

1st ANV

All gravidae

3,729

45.6

  

Primigravidae

752

20.9

  

Secundigravidae

650

17.8

  

Multigravidae

2,327

61.4

Peripheral malaria at 1stANV

 

Primigravidae

779

35.3

  

Secundigravidae

673

21.2

  

Multigravidae

2,462

13.2

HIV positive

 

All gravidae

630

25.4

  

Primigravidae

158

19.6

  

Multigravidae

472

27.3

  1. n: available sample.
  2. *For participants who knew their age.
  3. BMI: body mass index: weight, kg/ height, m2 ; ANV : antenatal visit.