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Table 4 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with peripheral parasitaemia and/or placental parasitaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics and women at delivery units

From: Malaria prevalence among pregnant women in two districts with differing endemicity in Chhattisgarh, India

 

ANC

DU

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Potential factors

Peripheral parasitaemia prevalence

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

Peripheral parasitaemia prevalence

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

District (malaria transmission)

Stable (Bastar district)

34/1198 (2.8%)

43.7 (6.0-319.9)

43.4 (5.6-335.2)

18/474 (3.8%)

1.2 (0.6-2.4)

-

Unstable (Rajnandgoan district)

1/1498 (0.1%)

16/502 (3.2%)

Age (years)

< 20

5/242 (2.1%)

1.7 (0.7-4.4)

-

2/65 (3.1%)

0.9 (0.2-3.8)

-

≥ 20

30/2454 (1.2%)

31/909 (3.4%)

Gravidity

Primi-/secundigravid

26/2056 (1.3%)

0.9 (0.4-1.9)

-

28/768 (3.7%)

1.5 (0.6-4.0)

-

Multigravid

9/640 (1.4%)

5/206 (2.4%)

Moderate anemia (< 9 g/dL)

Yes

22/432 (5.1%)

9.3 (4.6-18.6)

3.7 (1.8 – 7.7)

11/145 (7.6%)

3.0 (1.4-6.3)

2.5 (1.1-5.4)

No

13/2261 (0.6%)

22/828 (2.7%)

Fever

Within past week

23/239 (9.6%)

21.7 (10.6-44.2)

3.2 (1.2 – 8.6)

8/50 (16.0%)

6.8 (2.9-16.1)

5.8 (2.4-13.9)

No fever in past week

12/2457 (0.5%)

25/923 (2.7%)

Bednet use last night

Yes

4/742 (0.5%)

0.9 (0.2-5.1)

-

5/203 (2.5%)

0.7 (0.3-1.8)

-

No

2/345 (0.6%)

28/771 (3.6%)

Indoor residual spraying

Yes (ever)

8/697 (1.2%)

0.8 (0.4-1.9)

-

4/261 (1.5%)

0.4 (0.1-1.1)

-

No (never)

27/1999 (1.4%)

29/712 (4.1%)

Education

No formal schooling

25/571 (4.4%)

7.8 (3.7-16.3)

4.6 (2.0 – 10.7)

13/265 (4.9%)

1.8 (0.9-3.6)

-

At least some schooling

10/1711 (0.6%)

20/709 (2.8%)

Caste

Tribal caste

15/602 (2.5%)

2.6 (1.3-5.2)

0.7 (0.3 -1.6)

10/282 (3.6%)

1.1 (0.5-2.3)

-

Other caste

20/2091 (1.0%)

23/690 (3.3%)

Home ownership

Yes

35/2348 (1.5%)

-

 

29/873 (3.3%)

0.8 (0.3-2.4)

-

No

0/348 (0%)

4/101 (4.0%)

Wall material

Mud

35/1942 (1.8%)

-

 

25/743 (3.4%)

1.0 (0.4-2.2)

-

No mud

0/754 (0%)

8/231 (3.5%)

Primary cooking fuel

Biomass

35/2134 (1.6%)

-

 

26/792 (3.3%)

0.8 (0.4-2.0)

-

Non-biomass

0/563 (0%)

  

7/181 (3.9%)

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