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Table 1 General characteristics of patients with imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria grouped by presence or absence of schizontaemia on admission

From: The prognostic value of schizontaemia in imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria

 

All patients

Schizontaemia

No schizontaemia

P value

 

n = 401

n = 49

n = 352

 

Demographic s

    

 Age, years

39 (4–78)

41 (4–70)

39 (5–78)

NS

 Male, female, n (%)

292 (72.8), 109 (27.2)

26 (53.1), 23 (46.9)

266 (75.6), 86 (24.4)

0.0018

Continent of acquisition

    

 Africa, n (%)

360 (89.8)

38 (77.6)

322 (91.5)

0.0196

 Asia, n (%)

16 (4.0)

5 (10.2)

11 (3.1)

 

 South and Central America, n (%)

10 (2.5)

3 (6.1)

7 (2.0)

 

 Unknown, n (%)

15 (3.7)

3 (6.1)

12 (3.4)

 

Duration of signs/symptoms

    

 <8 days, n (%)

259 (64.6)

30 (61.2)

229 (65.1)

NS

 8-14 days, n (%)

74 (18.5)

15 (30.6)

59 (16.8)

 

 15-28 days, n (%)

27 (6.7)

0 (0)

27 (7.7)

 

 >28 days, n (%)

8 (2.0)

0 (0)

8 (2.3)

 

 Unknown, n (%)

33 (8.2)

4 (8.2)

29 (8.2)

 

Use of malaria chemoprophylaxis

    

 No chemoprophylaxis, n (%)

272 (67.8)

35 (71.4)

237 (67.3)

NS

 Inadequate use, n (%)

72 (18.0)

6 (12.2)

66 (18.8)

 

 Adequate use, n (%)

39 (9.7)

6 (12.2)

33 (9.4)

 

 Unknown, n (%)

18 (4.5)

2 (4.1)

16 (4.5)

 

Vital signs on admission

    

 Body temperature, °C

38.5 (35.5-41.2)

38.7 (35.7-41.2)

38.5 (35.5-41.0)

NS

 Pulse rate, beats per minute

95 (45–150)

105 (68–150)

92 (45–150)

0.0002

 Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg

120 (64–190)

118 (64–160)

120 (73–190)

NS

 Impaired consciousness (GCS < 15), n (%)

9 (2.2)

5 (10.2)

4 (1.1)

0.0019

 Cerebral malaria (GCS ≤ 11), n (%)

5 (1.2)

2 (4.1)

3 (0.9)

NS

Laboratory data on admission

    

 Haemoglobin, mmol/L

8.3 (2.5-11.1)

7.8 (3.8-10.9)

8.4 (2.5-11.1)

NS

 Leucocyte count, x 109/L

5.1 (1.3-18.5)

6.1 (2.5-18.5)

5.0 (1.3-13.4)

0.011

 Thrombocytes, x 109/L

86 (2–385)

38 (10–164)

94 (2–385)

<0.0001

 C-reactive protein, mg/L

98 (5–476)

166 (22–476)

87 (5–373)

<0.0001

 Serum creatinine, μmol/L

95 (39–1,081)

110 (39–1,081)

95 (47–871)

0.0019

 Serum sodium, mmol/L

135 (115–146)

132 (115–142)

135 (119–146)

<0.0001

 Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L

275 (118–2,297)

435 (135–2,038)

262 (118–2,297)

<0.0001

 Total bilirubin, μmol/L

24 (4–416)

44 (9–269)

23 (4–416)

<0.0001

 Plasma lactate, mmol/L

1.6 (0.5-6.2)

2.7 (0.6-6.2)

1.5 (0.5-4.7)

<0.0001

Parasite count

    

 P. falciparum load (asexual parasites/μL)

8,400 (2–1,380,600)

162,000 (144–1,380,600)

5,430 (2–860,000)

<0.0001

 Gametocytes, presence, absence, n (%)

64 (16.0), 337 (84.0)

11 (22.4), 38 (77.6)

53 (15.1), 299 (84.9)

NS