Molecular surveillance for drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in clinical and subclinical populations from three border regions of Burma/Myanmar: cross-sectional data and a systematic review of resistance studies

Table 3 Pfcrt genotypes among subclinical and clinical isolates from three regions of Myanmar 2008-2009

	No. (%)
	Resistant^a	WT K76	OR (95% CI)^a
Karen State (n = 58)	58 (100)	0 (0.0)
Clinic	27 (100)	0 (0.0)
Screening	31 (100)	0 (0.0)	n/a
Kachin State (n = 46)	43 (93.5)	3 (6.5)
Clinic	12 (100)	0 (0)
Screening	31 (91.2)	3 (8.8)	n/a
Chin-Mizoram (n = 186)	178 (95.7)	8 (4.3)
Clinic	88 (93.6)	6 (6.4)
Screening	90 (97.8)	2 (2.2)	0.3 (0.1-1.7)
Screening vs clinic Total ^b (n = 232)	221 (95.3)	11 (4.7)
Clinic	100 (94.3)	6 (5.6)
Screening	121 (96.0)	5 (4.0)	0.7 (0.2-2.2)
Anti-malarial treatment Total ^c (n = 232)	221 (95.3)	11 (4.7)
No treatment in past 8 weeks	174 (95.6)	8 (4.4)
Treatment in past 8 weeks	47 (94.0)	3 (6.0)	1.4 (0.4-5.0)

^aResistant genotypes: 259 amplified K76T; n = 20 isolates that failed to amplify either K76T or wild type K76 were assumed to harbour a resistant genotype (eg SVMNT). Dropping these 20 observations from the analysis does not qualitatively modify the results.
^bStandard errors corrected for clustering within village cluster (n = 13).
^cTotals exclude Karen State given apparent fixation (100%) of the K76T allele.
Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding.

ISSN: 1475-2875