Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections in the Republic of Djibouti: evaluation of their prevalence and potential determinants

Malaria Journal

Table 4 Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis of serological response to P . falciparum antigens

	N	P				RE
	N	L1	L2	L3	Total	cOR (CI95%)	aOR (CI95%)	p-value
Gender
Male	742	80	79	97	256	1	1	0.0008
Female	1168	116	127	103	346	0.78 (0.65-0.95)	0.66 (0.54-0.81)	0.0008
Educational level
No school	1244	141	145	162	448	1	1
Primary	410	40	39	27	106	0.61 (0.47-0.77)	0.60 (0.47-0.77)
Secondary, high school or University	256	15	22	11	48	0.41 (0.30-0.57)	0.39 (0.28-0.55)
Staying in a malaria endemic country more than one year
Yes	167	19	18	33	70	1	1	0.0019
No	1743	177	188	167	532	0.57 (0.42-0.78)	0.55 (0.40-0.76)
Having fever during the last month
Yes	435	48	58	69	175	1	1	0.0002
No	1475	148	148	131	427	0.59 (0.47-0.72)	0.59 (0.47-0.73)
Distance to rivers and lakes (Km)
> 1.5 Km	1210	124	121	101	346	1	1	0.0007
≤ 1.5 Km	700	72	85	99	256	1.49 (1.23-1.81)	1.53 (1.25-1.87)
Bed nets utilization
Often to Always	769	82	90	107	279	1	1	0.0007
Rarely to Never	1141	114	116	93	323	0.67 (0.56-0.81)	0.61 (0.50-0.74)

N = number; P = seropositivity to P. falciparum; L = level of intensity of immunological response (seropositivity to P. falciparum antigens) measured in MFI with 3 levels: 1, 2, 3 corresponding respectively to 1000 ≤ MFI < 3800, 3800 ≤ MFI < 8000, MFI ≥ 8000. The level L0 is not shown here as it’s corresponding to value of MFI < 1000 considered as negative reaction. RE = Random effect; cOR = Crude Odd ratio; aOR = Adjusted Odd ratio; CI95% = Confident interval 95%.