The effects of urbanization on global Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission

Malaria Journal

Table 3 Robustness analysis of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests on urban–rural Pv PR value pairs derived from various spatial and temporal limits

Region	100 km 5 years		100 km 2 years		50 km 5 years		50 km 2 years
Region	Z	P-value	Z	P-value	Z	P-value	Z	P-value
Africa+	−5.670	<0.001***	−5.623	<0.001***	−5.644	<0.001***	−5.397	<0.001***
Americas	2.307	0.021**	1.680	0.094*	0.486	0.631	0.730	0.471
Asia+	−11.194	<0.001***	−11.065	<0.001***	−9.080	<0.001***	−9.005	<0.001***
World	−11.732	<0.001***	−11.555	<0.001***	−10.052	<0.001***	−9.757	<0.001***
No. pairs	1,189		1,106		1,156		1,106
Mean No. R	49.653		42.287		31.813		27.061
Overlap rate	6.752		5.349		4.206		3.423

Africa+ =Africa, Saudi Arabia and Yemen; Asia+ =Central and South East Asia; Mean No. R = Mean number of rural surveys for each urban–rural pair; Overlap rate = Σ number of rural surveys paired to each urban survey/total number of rural surveys (*** = P < 0.01, ** = P < 0.05, * = P < 0.1).

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