Application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for malaria diagnosis during a follow-up study in São Tomé

Malaria Journal

Table 3 Agreement, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of various tests for malaria diagnosis versus gold standard microscopy

Tests	% Agreement with microscopy(Kappa)	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV
		(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)
Before treatment
HRP-2-RDTs	80%	96	72	66	97
HRP-2-RDTs	(0.62)	(90.1, 98.9)	(62.1, 80.5)	(55.9, 75.2)	(91.5, 99.4)
Nested PCR	85%	98	78	72	98
Nested PCR	(0.70)	(93.0, 99.8)	(68.8, 85.7)	(62.1, 80.5)	(93.0, 99.8)
LAMP	84%	98	77	71	98
	(0.69)	(93.0, 99.8)	(67.5, 84.8)	(61.1, 79.6)	(93.0, 99.8)
On day 7 after first-line treatment
HRP-2-RDTs	65%	86	63	18	98
HRP-2-RDTs	(0.18)	(77.6, 92.1)	(52.8, 72.4)	(11.0, 27.0)	(93.0, 99.8)
Nested PCR	94%	100	93	58	100
Nested PCR	(0.70)	(96.4, 100)	(86.1, 97.1)	(47.7, 67.8)	(96.4, 100)
LAMP	95%	100	94	64	100
	(0.75)	(96.4, 100)	(87.4, 97.8)	(53.8, 73.4)	(96.4, 100)

Percentage of agreement was measured by the percentage of test results with both positive or with both negative responses and its corresponding Kappa statistic (the higher the better; see texts in statistical analysis).
HRP-2-RDTs, histidine-rich protein 2 based rapid diagnostic tests; Nested PCR, nested polymerase chain reaction; LAMP, loop-mediated isothermal amplification; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.

ISSN: 1475-2875