Table 1 Descriptive characteristics [mean (SD) or n (Proportion)]
Characteristics | Full sample | Rural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 1 410) | (N = 749) | |||
Child’s demographics | ||||
Male, n (%) | 674 | (47.8) | 365 | (48.7) |
Age in months, mean (SD) | 74.6 | (4.11) | 75.3 | (4.27) |
Father dead, n (%) | 99 | (7.02) | 42 | (5.61) |
Mother dead, n (%) | 27 | (1.91) | 10 | (1.34) |
Father and mother dead, n (%) | 5 | (0.35) | 1 | (0.13) |
Household-level variables, mean (SD) | ||||
Highest educational attainment (years) | 8.49 | (3.62) | 7.70 | (3.62) |
Household size | 5.46 | (1.93) | 5.60 | (1.91) |
Wealth quintile | 2.85 | (1.41) | 2.23 | (1.25) |
Number of younger siblings in household | 0.68 | (0.81) | 0.70 | (0.84) |
Number of older siblings in household | 2.00 | (1.52) | 2.07 | (1.51) |
Cluster-level variables, mean (SD) | ||||
Parasitemia (fraction of MIS 2006 slides positive) | 0.14 | (0.20) | 0.22 | (0.22) |
Fraction of parents deceased | 0.10 | (0.09) | 0.07 | (0.07) |
Average educational attainment | 8.49 | (2.33) | 7.70 | (2.25) |
Average wealth quintile | 2.85 | (1.04) | 2.23 | (0.62) |
Outcomes | ||||
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (z-score), mean (SD) | −0.01 | (1.01) | −0.04 | (1.15) |
Task Orientation (z-score), mean (SD) | 0.00 | (1.00) | −0.18 | (1.06) |
Tactile Pattern Recognition (z-score), mean (SD) | 0.03 | (1.00) | 0.06 | (1.03) |
Socio-emotional Development (principal component z-score), mean (SD) | −0.01 | (1.00) | −0.03 | (1.02) |
Fine Motor Skills (z-score), mean (SD) | −0.04 | (1.01) | −0.20 | (1.07) |
Weight in kilograms, mean (SD) | 21.58 | (9.06) | 22.45 | (11.52) |
Height in centimeters, mean (SD) | 117.06 | (8.12) | 116.70 | (7.14) |
Stunted, n (%) | 160 | (0.17) | 88 | (0.17) |
Underweight, n (%) | 116 | (0.12) | 54 | (0.10) |
Body Mass Index, mean (SD) | 15.12 | (3.11) | 15.36 | (3.83) |