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Figure 5 | Malaria Journal

Figure 5

From: A novel live-dead staining methodology to study malaria parasite viability

Figure 5

Delayed death phenotypes monitored using JC-1 on synchronized P. falciparum FCR3 cultures exposed to chloroquine and the phospholipid pathway inhibitors prototype drug. P. falciparum FCR3 culture (5% hematocrit and 0.1 starting parasitaemia) were exposed to 7.82 nM chloroquine and the phospholipid pathway inhibitors prototype drugs (2.25 nM albitiazolium and 0.6 nM G25). After two hours of contact with the drugs, cell were washed and resuspended in drug-free fresh complete medium. JC-1 staining was then used to monitor parasite viability over the course of at least 3 cycles to detect any delayed drug effects. The results are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 3). Exposure of a ring culture to the IC50 of chloroquine for 2 h has no delayed effect but acts on trophozoites and schizonts during the first cycle as expected (blue line), but exposure of the same ring culture to the IC50 of G25 and albitiazolium for only 2 hours results in a potent delayed death effect, which for G25 reaches 100% within the second parasite cycle (red line) and for albitiazolium probably within beyond the third (green line) cycle.

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