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Table 2 Concomitant medications included in the models

From: Population pharmacokinetics of mefloquine, piperaquine and artemether-lumefantrine in Cambodian and Tanzanian malaria patients

Drug

Metabolism

Concomitant medications taken by study patients

Effect†

%*

Artemether

CYP2B6 ‡ [33, 34]

  

0%

 

CYP2C9‡ [33, 34]

Ibuprofen, pyrimethamine and quinine

Strong to moderate inhibitor

22%

 

CYP2C19‡ [34]

  

0%

 

CYP3A4[32–35]

Caffeine, doxycycline, erythromycine and metronidazole

Moderate inhibitors

10%

 

CYP3A5[32, 34]

  

0%

Dihydroartemisinin

Glucuronidation [36]

--

  

Lumefantrine

CYP3A4[32, 35]

Caffeine, doxycycline, erythromycine and metronidazole

Moderate inhibitors

10%

Mefloquine

CYP3A4[37–39]

Clarithromycine, caffeine, metronidazole and tetracycline

Strong to moderate inhibitor

8%

 

CYP3A5[37]

  

0%

Piperaquine

Unknown [31]

Chloroquine, ibuprofen and quinine

Strong to moderate inhibitor of CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and / or CYP2D6

45%

  1. * Percentage of patients in the study taking the respective inhibitor.
  2. † From UpToDate Online 17.1 (http://www.uptodateonline.com/online/index.do).
  3. ‡ Only in vitro, not seen in healthy volunteers [40].