Adverse drug events resulting from use of drugs with sulphonamide-containing anti-malarials and artemisinin-based ingredients: findings on incidence and household costs from three districts with routine demographic surveillance systems in rural Tanzania

Table 5 Household treatment expenditure per ADR episode (2005 USD)

Expenses for patients with and without expenditures
	Number of episodes	Mean^*	Median^#	Range
Episodes with complete cost information (with and without expenses)	50	24.15	10	0.00 – 226.04
*ADR Classification:*
Probable	31	28.85	14.61~	0.00 –226.04
Possible	19	16.48	3.48~	0.00 – 115.91
*Treatment costs by admission status:*
Admitted	22	47.18**	30.83**	0.00 – 226.04
Not admitted	28	6.05**	2.61**	0.00 – 35.39
*Treatment costs by survivorship*
Costs for patients surviving	43	17.15	7.80^	0.00 – 125.87
Costs for Patients dying	7	63.89	28.74^	0.00 – 226.04
*Number of visits:*
One	30	7.24**	2.23^	0.00 – 44.04
Two	15	32.01**	28.74^	1.74 – 115.91
Three	3	72.09	46.48	43.91 – 125.87
Four	2	146.93**	146.93^	67.83 – 226.04
*Study district:*
Rufiji	28	21.68	3.61^	0.00 – 226.04
Kilombero / Ulanga	22	27.29	21.80^	0.00 – 115.91
*Age group:*
Under 5 years	13	11.60	5.99	0 – 32.91
5 years or over	37	28.11	10.78	0 – 226.04
*By drug use*
AS only	1	9.74	9.74^	9.74 – 9.74
SP only	35	29.02	19.61^	0 – 226.04
SP + Artesunate	14	13.00	3.61^	0 – 125.87

Note: *Students t-test between groups & ^#Wilcoxon rank sum (Mann- Whitney) test.
**Significant between one and four visits, and between two and four visits at 1% level.
^Significant between groups and/or between one and four visits and between two and four visits at 5% level.
~Significant between groups and/or between one and four visits, and between two and four visits at 10% level.

ISSN: 1475-2875