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Table 3 Prevalence of pfdhfr and pfdhps alleles in Sudan before and after adoption of ACT

From: Selection of pfdhfr/pfdhps alleles and declining artesunate/sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum eight years after deployment in eastern Sudan

pfdhfr/ pfdhps allele

2003 %

2012 %

p- value [[20],[52]]

51I/108N

90[20] 84[52]

100

0. 004/0. 001

59R

1[20] 0[52]

1.7

0.477/1.000

436A

0[52]

7.8

0.069

437G

89[20] 0[52]

77.3

0. 013/0. 000

516F

 

1.7*

 

K540

20[52]

21.5

0.000

540E

79[20]

76.9

0.860

540K/E

80[52]

1.5

0. 000

581G

14[20] 10[52]

33.8

0. 001/0. 007

581A/G

10[52]

1.5

0.202

A613

100[20, 52]

100

1.000

  1. p-values were calculated by comparing actual number of patients displaying each genotype from previous studies performed in Gedarif in 2003 [20, 52] and Gedarif and Kassala, 2006 [30]) and the current study (Kassala) by Fishers exact test. * not previously reported.