Figure 1

Histopathologic changes (A, C, E, G, I) and pattern of immunohistochemistry staining for NF-κB p65 (B, D, F, H, J) in the brain of fatal cerebral malaria. (A) Group of neurons (H&E). Apoptotic features of cellular shrinkage, apoptotic nuclei and increased cytoplasmic staining for eosin were observed in some neurons (arrows). (B) Neurons demonstrating predominantly cytoplasmic NF-κB p65 staining. (C) Glial cells in white matter (H&E). (D) Group of glial cells showing cytoplasmic and nuclear NF-κB p65 immunostaining (E) Ring haemorrhage in white matter (H&E). (F) Glial cells in area of haemorrhage showed strong positive staining for cytoplasmic and nuclear NF-κB p65. (G) Mass of reactive glial cells forming an ill-defined granuloma collectively called Durck’s granuloma (H&E). (H) Reactive glial cells showed intense positive staining for cytoplasmic and nuclear NF-κB p65. (I) Group of glial cells associated with blood vessel (arrow) containing PRBCs (arrowhead) (H&E). (J) Glial cells stained for nuclear and cytoplasmic NF-κB p65 associated with blood vessel (arrow). Scale bars = 20 μm.