Table 1 General characteristics of malaria patients entered in the Rotterdam Malaria Cohort grouped according to self-reported adherence with malaria chemoprophylaxis

Demographics

Age, years

39 (5–70)

37 (13–60)

38 (4–77)

N.S.

Gender, n (%)

N.S.

Male

263 (73)

73 (73)

62 (63)

female

98 (27)

27 (27)

36 (37)

Ethnicity, n (%)

<0.001

Caucasian

148 (42)

64 (65)

78 (80)

African

160 (45)

31 (31)

14 (14)

Asian

32 (22)

3 (5)

3 (3)

Other

16 (10)

1 (3)

3 (3)

Immunity, n (%)

<0.001

Non immune

138 (49)

50 (64)

30 (81)

Partially immune

139 (61)

28 (36)

7 (19)

Travel history

Reason for travel, n (%)

<0.001

Tourist

69 (21)

28 (30)

35 (51)

VFR

114 (35)

27 (29)

11 (16)

Business

54 (17)

27 (29)

15 (22)

Expat

25 (8)

4 (4)

3 (4)

Sailor

37 (11)

3 (3)

4 (6)

Other

24 (7)

4 (4)

1 (1)

Continent of infection, n (%)

<0.001

African

290 (82)

82 (82)

54 (58)

Asian

42 (12)

10 (10)

22 (24)

Americas

19 (5)

7 (7)

14 (15)

Other

1 (0)

1 (1)

3 (3)

Duration of complaints, n (%)

N.S.

Less than 8 days

228 (63)

70 (70)

46 (47)

8–14 days

66 (18)

18 (18)

21 (21)

15–21 days

25 (7)

6 (6)

6 (6)

>28 days

9 (3)

5 (5)

2 (2)

Unknown

34 (9)

1 (1)

23 (24)

n = 361

n = 100

n = 98

Vital signs

Temperature, ° Celsius

38.5 (35.0–41.5)

38.8 (36.1–40.9)

38.5 (36.0–41.2)

N.S.

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

120 (64–185)

123 (90–190)

120 (90–196)

N.S.

Pulse rate, beats per minute

92 (50–150)

94 (56–130)

96 (60–150)

N.S.

Laboratory features

Haemoglobin, mmol/L

8.3 (2.5–11.0)

8.3 (4.0–11.1)

8.4 (4.2–10.7)

N.S.

Thrombocytes, x10⁹/L

84 (2–293)

99 (3–302)

96 (19–258)

N.S.

Leucocyte count, x10⁹/L

5.3 (1.3–18.5)

5.1 (1.9–13.4)

5.0 (1.5–12.9)

N.S.

CRP, mg/L

96 (5–476)

77 (7–310)

71 (6–287)

0.0009 ^{A: p<0.01, B: p<0.05}

Creatinine, μmol/L

93 (39–1.081)

95 (55–213)

87 (46–405)

0.0019 ^{B: p<0.01, C: P<0.01}

LDH, U/L

265 (103–2.297)

270 (98–877)

237 (98–664)

N.S.

Bilirubin, μmol/L

24 (3–416)

22 (6–95)

23 (5–262)

N.S.

Lactate, mmol/L

1.6 (0.5–6.2)

1.6 (0.5–4.7)

1.3 (1.1–1.8)

N.S.