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Table 2 Outcome measures of patients with malaria, grouped according to self-reported adherence with malaria chemoprophylaxis

From: Severity of imported malaria: protective effect of taking malaria chemoprophylaxis

Outcome measure

Group

Proportion or mean (95% CI)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P-value (with no chemoprophylaxis as comparator)

Severe malaria

No chemoprophylaxis

53/361

Reference

 

(WHO 2010)

Non-compliant use

8/100

0.505 (0.232–1.102)

N.S.

Compliant use

2/98

0.121 (0.029–0.516)

0.0002

ICU admission

No chemoprophylaxis

73/361

Reference

 

Non-compliant use

15/100

0.696 (0.380–1.276)

N.S.

Compliant use

6/98

0.257 (0.108–0.611)

0.0008

Mechanical ventilation

No chemoprophylaxis

3/361

Reference

 

Non-compliant use

1/100

1.205 (0.124–11.722)

N.S.

Compliant use

0/98

0.520 (0.027–10.158)

N.S.

Renal replacement therapy

No chemoprophylaxis

7/361

Reference

 

Non-compliant use

0/100

0.235 (0.013–4.150)

N.S.

Compliant use

0/98

0.240 (0.014–4.241)

N.S.

Exchange transfusion

No chemoprophylaxis

35/361

Reference

 

Non-compliant use

6/100

0.595 (0.243–1.457)

N.S.

Compliant use

1/98

0.096 (0.013–0.710)

0.0024

Death

No chemoprophylaxis

2/361

Reference

 

Non-compliant use

0/100

0.715 (0.034–15.033)

N.S.

Compliant use

0/98

0.730 (0.035–15.341)

N.S.

P. falciparum species

No chemoprophylaxis

285/358*

Reference

 

Non-compliant use

77/100

0.858 (0.504–1.460)

N.S.

Compliant use

41/98

0.184 (0.114–0.297)

<0.0001

P. falciparum parasite load (asexual parasites per μL)

No chemoprophylaxis

73,774 (55,620–91,928)

Reference

 

Non-compliant use

48,866 (20,264–77,467)

N.A.

N.S.

Compliant use

24,563 (5,163–43,963)

N.A.

0.0004

Time in hospital (days)

No chemoprophylaxis

4.8 (4.4–5.2)

Reference

 

Non-compliant use

4.8 (4.4–5.3)

N.A.

N.S.

Compliant use

2.9 (2.4–3.5)

N.A.

<0.0001

  1. Legend: * = 3 patients with a mixed P. falciparum/non-falciparum infection were excluded, CI confidence interval, N.A. not applicable, N.S. not statistically significant.