Clinical finding
|
Hypovolaemic1
|
Euvolaemic1
|
PPV
|
NPV
|
Sensitivity
|
Specificity
|
---|
| | |
(95% CI)
|
(95% CI)
|
(95% CI)
|
(95% CI)
|
---|
Dry mucous membranes
|
235/324
|
42/65
|
85%
|
21%
|
73%
|
35%
|
(80–89)
|
(14–29)
|
(68–78)
|
(24–48)
|
Dry axillae
|
138/324
|
27/65
|
84%
|
17%
|
43%
|
58%
|
(77–89)
|
(12–23)
|
(37–48)
|
(46–71)
|
Decreased tissue turgor
|
12/324
|
7/65
|
63%
|
16%
|
4%
|
89%
|
(38–84)
|
(12–20)
|
(2–6)
|
(79–96)
|
Prolonged capillary refill 2,3
|
28/307
|
1/53
|
97%
|
16%
|
9%
|
98%
|
(82–100)
|
(12–20)
|
(6–13)
|
(90–100)
|
Tachycardia > 100 bpm3
|
127/308
|
16/53
|
89%
|
17%
|
41%
|
70%
|
(82–93)
|
(12–23)
|
(36–47)
|
(56–82)
|
Tachycardia > 120 bpm3
|
28/308
|
2/53
|
93%
|
15%
|
9%
|
96%
|
(78–99)
|
(12–20)
|
(6–13)
|
(87–100)
|
Low JVP4
|
101/303
|
18/64
|
85%
|
18%
|
33%
|
72%
|
(77–91)
|
(14–24)
|
(28–39)
|
(59–82)
|
- PPV Positive predictive value, NPV Negative predictive value.
- 1 Hypovolaemic: global end diastolic volume index (GEDVI) <680 ml/m2, euvolaemic: GEDVI: 680–800 ml/m2.
- 2 Greater than 2 seconds.
- 3 Excluding patients receiving inotropic support.
- 4 JVP < 3-4 cm above the sternal angle with the patient at 45º.