Figure 5From: Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1) target site mutation 119S is strongly diagnostic of carbamate and organophosphate resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles coluzzii across southern GhanaMaximum likelihood tree of Ace-1 variation from direct sequencing. All individuals are homozygous serine apart from 19A which is a homozygous glycine individual (S-form). A15 is the only An. coluzzii homozygous resistant individual (no others detected in whole dataset).Back to article page