Figure 3

Exposure of BeWo to TNF and Plasmodium falciparum- IEs increases the release of inflammatory molecules. The production of IL-8, IL-6 and sICAM-1 was determined in BeWo cultures’ supernatants of TNF stimulated and non-stimulated cells by ELISA (A) and P. falciparum-IEs (B-D). The data represent the mean ± SEM of the concentration in ≥4 separate experiments. Paired T-student between basal and TNF, two-way ANOVA to compare the effect of IEs of the different strains. *P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.