Table 1 Characteristics of study participants, overall and by hyperlactataemia status
Characteristics of subjects | Hyperlactataemia (blood lactate >7 mmol/L) | No hyperlactataemia (blood lactate ≤7 mmol/L) | Study population |
|---|---|---|---|
Cell contents below are n (%) unless otherwise stated | |||
Total N | 68 (100.0) | 427 (100.0) | 495 (100.0) |
Patient characteristics | |||
Age in years | |||
<1 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) | 3 (0.6) |
1-4 | 40 (58.8) | 170 (39.8) | 210 (42.4) |
≥ 5 | 28 (41.2) | 254 (59.5) | 282 (57.0) |
Median (IQR) | 4.0 (3.0 to 6.0) | 5.0 (3.3 to 9.0) | 5.0 (3.0 to 8.0) |
Range | 1.0 to 15.0 | 0.7 to 16.0 | 0.7 to 16.0 |
Sex | |||
Male | 30 (44.1) | 238 (55.7) | 268 (54.1) |
Female | 27 (39.7) | 177 (41.5) | 204 (41.2) |
Missing | 11 (16.2) | 12 (2.8) | 23 (4.6) |
Weight %ile for age | |||
<10 | 40 (58.8) | 231 (54.1) | 271 (54.7) |
10-24 | 12 (17.6) | 72 (16.9) | 84 (17.0) |
25-50 | 6 (8.8) | 75 (17.6) | 81 (16.4) |
50-74 | 6 (8.8) | 28 (6.6) | 34 (6.9) |
75-89 | 3 (4.4) | 13 (3.0) | 16 (3.2) |
≥90 | 1 (1.5) | 7 (1.6) | 8 (1.6) |
Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) |
Prior use of anti- malarial | |||
Yes | 24 (35.3) | 91 (21.3) | 115 (23.2) |
No | 39 (57.4) | 315 (73.8) | 354 (71.5) |
Missing | 5 (7.4) | 21 (4.9) | 26 (5.3) |
Respiratory symptoms* | |||
Deep breathing | 37 (54.4) | 44 (10.3) | 81 (16.4) |
Irregular respiration | 1 (1.5) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) |
Use of accessory muscles | 10 (14.7) | 4 (0.9) | 14 (2.8) |
Lung crepitations | 3 (4.4) | 9 (2.1) | 12 (2.4) |
Grunting respiration | 7 (10.3) | 11 (2.6) | 18 (3.6) |
Cough | 26 (38.2) | 158 (37.0) | 184 (37.2) |
Age specific respiratory rate ratio (median, IQR) | 2.3 (1.8 to 2.6) | 1.7 (1.5 to 2.1) | 1.8 (1.5 to 2.1) |
Other clinical parameters | |||
Duration of symptoms in days | |||
≤ 1 | 10 (14.7) | 34 (8.0) | 44 (8.9) |
2 | 35 (51.5) | 139 (32.6) | 174 (35.2) |
3 | 14 (20.6) | 156 (36.5) | 170 (34.3) |
≥ 4 | 9 (13.2) | 98 (23.0) | 107 (21.6) |
Median (IQR) | 1.0 (1.0 to 2.0) | 2.0 (1.0 to 2.0) | 2.0 (1.0 to 2.0) |
Blantyre coma score | |||
0-2 | 27 (39.7) | 24 (5.6) | 51 (10.3) |
3-4 | 16 (23.5) | 46 (10.8) | 62 (12.5) |
5 | 24 (35.3) | 357 (83.6) | 381 (77.0) |
Missing | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) |
Reduced reaction to pain** | |||
Yes | 22 (32.4) | 18 (4.2) | 40 (8.1) |
No | 46 (67.6) | 409 (95.8) | 455 (91.9) |
History of Convulsions prior to admission | |||
0 | 26 (38.2) | 329 (77.0) | 355 (71.7) |
1 | 8 (11.8) | 42 (9.8) | 50 (10.1) |
2 | 9 (13.2) | 20 (4.7) | 29 (5.9) |
≥3 | 24 (35.3) | 32 (7.5) | 56 (11.3) |
Missing | 1 (1.5) | 4 (0.9) | 5 (1.0) |
Temperature in °C | |||
≤37 | 2 (2.9) | 70 (16.4) | 72 (14.5) |
>37, ≤39 | 38 (55.9) | 235 (55.0) | 273 (55.2) |
>39 | 28 (41.2) | 122 (28.6) | 150 (30.3) |
Median (IQR) | 38.8 (38.2 to 39.5) | 38.4 (37.5 to 39.2) | 38.5 (37.6 to 39.2) |
Dehydration | |||
Mild or Moderate | 10 (14.7) | 43 (10.1) | 53 (10.7) |
None | 58 (85.3) | 384 (89.9) | 442 (89.3) |
Severe prostration | |||
Yes | 54 (79.4) | 146 (34.2) | 200 (40.4) |
No | 14 (20.6) | 279 (65.3) | 293 (59.2) |
Missing | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.4) |
Splenomegaly | |||
Yes | 11 (16.2) | 74 (17.3) | 85 (17.2) |
No | 51 (75.0) | 302 (70.7) | 353 (71.3) |
Missing | 6 (8.8) | 51 (11.9) | 57 (11.5) |