Figure 1

Networks of candidate biomarkers during Plasmodium vivax malaria. Plasma levels of several biomarkers of inflammation, tissue damage and oxidative stress were measured in 176 non-infected healthy individuals (A) and in 148 with asymptomatic infection (B), 187 with mild disease (C), 13 with severe non-lethal malaria (D) and six patients who died with Plasmodium vivax infection within seven days of hospitalization (E). The colours shown for each symbol represent the fold variation from the median values (log transformed) calculated for each marker. Each connecting line represents a significant interaction (P<0.05) detected by the network analysis using the DimReduction software. In (F), a summary model of the results with regard to the complexity of the networks in the context of the natural history of malaria is illustrated.