Networking the host immune response in Plasmodium vivax malaria

Malaria Journal

Table 2 Distribution of cytokines levels in the study subjects stratified by Plasmodium vivax malaria clinical outcome

Biomarker	Endemic controls	Asymptomatic malaria	Symptomatic malaria	Severe malaria: Survivors	Severe malaria: Deaths	P value	P value
Biomarker	Endemic controls	Asymptomatic malaria	Symptomatic malaria	Severe malaria: Survivors	Severe malaria: Deaths	1	2
	n=176	n=148	n=187	n=13	n=6
IL-1β	5.7	4.0	11.4	7.6	15.54	<0.001	<0.001
pg/mL	(3.5-17)	(2.7-7.8)	(6.2-25.5)	(6.6-23.8)	(4.8-29.3)	<0.001	<0.001
IL-4	23.4	22.1	29.89	30.1	36.4	<0.001	0.008
pg/mL	(12.3-40)	(12-34.4)	(16.8-102)	(18.5-41)	(18-115)	<0.001	0.008
IL-6	8.4	10.3	69.2	78.5	101.2	<0.001	<0.001
pg/mL	(5.2-20)	(1.5-21.4)	(23.9-105.5)	(56-105)	(41-140)	<0.001	<0.001
IL-8	6.3	3.6	26.0	12.4	66.8	<0.001	<0.001
pg/mL	(4.7-11)	(2.3-9.2)	(5.9-102.5)	(6.1-66.7)	(15-211)	<0.001	<0.001
IL-10	12.0	62.0	125.0	140.2	110.5	<0.001	0.349
pg/mL	(7-20.4)	(11.3-89.6)	(65.3-455.1)	(85-550)	(79-134)	<0.001	0.349
IL-12p70	7.7	13.5	20.7	12.7	10.0	<0.001	0.520
pg/mL	(4.9-16)	(7.7-18.3)	(12.4-30.5)	(5.1-20.9)	(5-15)	<0.001	0.520
IFN-γ	32.1	54.3	103.4	212.5	181.6	<0.001	<0.001
pg/mL	(11-62)	(23.6-142.0)	(42.0-324.0)	(80-465)	(65-357)	<0.001	<0.001
TNF-α	0	2.4	38.5	57.2	31.95	<0.001	<0.001
pg/mL	(0–10.5)	(0–10.3)	(18.1-80.5)	(32.5-84)	(19-76.8)	<0.001	<0.001
TGF-β	23.8	89.8	111.1	48.6	40.2	<0.001	<0.001
pg/mL	(1.3-31)	(39.4-193.8)	(84.5-364.7)	(32-58.6)	(26-44.5)	<0.001	<0.001

Note: Data represent median values and interquartile ranges. P value 1 was obtained using Kruskal-Wallis test, whereas P value 2 was calculated using Linear trend post test.
IQR: interquartile range.

ISSN: 1475-2875