Figure 3

Malaria prevalence in humans varying over fungal pathogen virulence and deployment rate. The heat maps (top row) indicate the endemic malaria prevalence in humans h _e , relative to baseline where no fungus is applied, for the given parameters, the graphs (bottom row) show a one‐dimensional projection of the heat maps, for a fixed fungal application (spraying) rate. Two distinct cases can be distinguished: (i) If κ−2μ<0 (left column) then human malaria prevalence is a decreasing function of fungal virulence σ and deployment rate α. (ii) If κ−2μ>0 (right column), the curve describing the worst‐case fungal virulence σ^∗ is superimposed, indicating a non‐monotonic relationship between human malaria prevalence and σ. Top row: The dark blue region indicates R₀<1 and hence h _e =0. Bottom row: one‐dimensional slice through the heat map above for a fixed value of α=0.1/day (left) and α=0.5/day (right), as indicated by the black line in the heat map above. Here, μ=0.1/day, while κ=0.18/day (left) and κ=0.48/day (right). All other parameter values are as given in Additional file 2.