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Table 3 Cytokine expression (Mean ratio ± standard deviation) in placental tissue and maternal peripheral blood according to the infection status

From: Submicroscopic infection of placenta by Plasmodium produces Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance, inflammation and hypoxia in women from north-west Colombia

Placental tissue

Infected

Uninfected

P (U Mann–Whitney)

IL-2

1.00 ± 0.42

0.96 ± 0.30

>0.05

IFN-γ

9.00 ± 0.811

0.46 ± 0.37

0.0001

TNF

6.16 ± 0.75

0.83 ± 0.45

0.0001

IL-4

1.60 ± 0.40

1.05 ± 0.62

0.0001

IL-10

3.50 ± 0.93

0.18 ± 0.18

0.0001

Maternal peripheral blood

   

IL-2

3.65 ± 1.11

1.18 ± 0.50

0.0001

IFN-γ

6.53 ± 2.38

1.10 ± 0.72

0.0001

TNF

1.53 ± 0.41

0.76 ± 0.46

0.0001

IL-4

1.63 ± 0.34

1.41 ± 0.50

>0.05

IL-10

2.45 ± 0.64

0.65 ± 0.50

0.0001