Table 3 Adherence to test results by CHWs

CCMm studies

Chanda[23, 33]

All ages, care seeking.

AL, SP <5 kg

Complicated malaria and non-malaria febrile cases were referred to HF.

99.9%

99.3%

0.2%

Chinkhumba[30]

>5 years, (history of) fever

NS

Referral not mentioned.

86.9%

98%

58%

Elmardi[27]

NS

AS/SP

Complicated malaria and non-malaria febrile cases were referred to HF.

70%**

NS

NS

Ishengoma[28]

≥5 years with (history of) fever

AL

Referral not specified.

95.8%

98.9%

5.4%

Mubi[24]

>3 months, (history of) fever. Exclusion: severe disease

AL

Referral not specified.

96.8%

99.7%

6.1%

Ndiaye[20]***

Patients of all ages, care seeking.

NS

CHW: referral of patients <2 months, RDT negatives, severe symptoms, suspected drug adverse events. CMD: referral of all cases excluding uncomplicated malaria cases.

88.6%

92.0%

20.3%

Ndiaye[20]***

Patients of all ages, care seeking.

NS

CHW: Referral of patients <2 months, RDT negatives, severe symptoms, suspected drug adverse events.

85.6%

90.1%

24.8%

Ndiaye[20]***

Patients of all ages, care seeking.

NS

CMD: Referral of all cases excluding uncomplicated malaria cases.

93.9%

95.3%

10.4%

iCCM studies

Hamer[17] & Yeboah-Antwi[16]

Children 6 months-5 years, fever.

AL

Children with danger signs were referred to HF.

99.3%

98.5%

0.4%

Mukanga[32]

Children <5 (history of) fever no danger signs.

AL

CHWs also diagnosed and treated pneumonia. No referral mentioned.

97.8%

98.6%

4.8%

Mukanga[34]****

BF: 6–59 months, (history of) fever

AL

Referral for severe disease and for non-responders at day 3 after CHW visit.

99.0%

100%

4.8%

Mukanga[34]****

Gh: 6–59 months, (history of) fever

AA

Referral for severe disease and for non-responders at day 3 after CHW visit.

99.5%

100%

3.3%

Mukanga[34]****

Ug: 4–59 months (history of) fever.

AL

Referral for severe disease and for non-responders at day 3 after CHW visit.

99.0%

99.9%

7.6%