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Table 3 Zonal environmental differences during high and low season

From: Remotely-sensed, nocturnal, dew point correlates with malaria transmission in Southern Province, Zambia: a time-series study

Months May-Nov

High zone

Medium zone

Low zone

Kruskall-Wallis test

Av. NDVI

0.39

0.38

0.35

p < 0.001

Av. EVI

0.21

0.22

0.19

p < 0.001

Av. Noct. LST

17.15

12.78

13.04

p < 0.001

Av. Noct. DWP

1.17

-1.42

-1.51

p < 0.001

Rainfall mm

8.56

9.07

9.26

p = 0.98

Incidence per 10000

30.95

2.66

0.61

 

Months Dec-April

High zone

Medium zone

Low zone

Kruskall-Wallis test

Av. NDVI

0.63

0.63

0.60

p = 0.019

Av. EVI

0.42

0.42

0.40

p = 0.072

Av. Noct. LST

20.32

16.79

16.98

p < 0.001

Av. Noct. DWP

9.42

7.83

7.81

p < 0.001

Rainfall mm

121.24

125.45

123.74

p = 0.74

Incidence per 10,000

87.89

8.05

2.49

 

Mean elevation

785

1176

1134

p = 0.035

  1. Normalized differentiated vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), nocturnal land-surface temperature (LST) and nocturnal dew point (DWP), rainfall, and incidence are shown for the three different zones. These are averaged seasonal values of the dry, low season (May-Nov) and for the wet, high season (Dec-April). A seasonal average of weekly incidence calculated per 10,000 people and week as well as mean elevation of the different zones are also shown. All study years (2011-2013) are used for the averaged values for both environmental variables and incidence. Kruskall-Wallis Test p-values are shown for whether there are significant differences between all three groups.