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Table 3 Gametocyte risk factors

From: Longitudinal study on Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage following artemether-lumefantrine administration in a cohort of children aged 12–47 months living in Western Kenya, a high transmission area

Variables

Gametocytaemia versus variables

First event versus variables

Multiple events versus variables

 

OR (95% CI) p-value

HR (95% CI) p-value

HR (95% CI) p-value

Age category 2

1.05 (1.00, 1.11) 0.036

0.44 (0.16, 1.23) 0.118

0.63 (0.44, 0.89) 0.01

Age category 3

0.36 (0.17, 0.74) 0.005

0.75 (0.29, 1.90) 0.54

0.76 (0.54, 0.89) 0.01

Bed net use

0.26 (0.08, 0.91) 0.035

1.32 (0.57, 3.05) 0.515

1.34 (1.01, 1.80) 0.46

Pf enrolmenta

4.46 (2.94, 6.74) <0.001

3.36 (1.26, 8.98) 0.016

3.56 (2.37, 5.37) <0.001

Anaemia

1.24 (0.82, 1.88) 0.299

1.46 (0.55, 3.87) 0.447

2.06 (1.49, 2.85) <0.001

Hyper Pfb

1.44 (1.03, 2.01) 0.034

0.86 (0.20, 3.78) 0.845

0.34 (0.16, 0.74) 0.007

Pretreatment

1.81 (1.20, 2.72) 0.004

0.85 (0.38, 1.88) 0.682

0.81 (0.62, 1.06) 0.128

Mixed Infection

1.05 (1.00, 1.11) 0.036

4.89 (1.99, 11.99) 0.001

0.63 (0.44, 0.89) 0.01

  1. aPlasmodium falciparum positive participants at enrolment.
  2. bParticipants with hyper parasitaemia which is 100,000 p/mL and above.
  3. Odds ratio (OR), hazardous ratio (HR), the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p-values based on Cox regression analysis were generated. Association between gametocytaemia, the time to the first or only episode of gametocytaemia, the risk for multiple events of gametocytaemia, with the variables of interest were determined.