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Table 2 Estimated hazard ratio (univariable model) and adjusted hazard ratio (multivariable model) for acquiring malaria conditional on the estimated level of exposure in the destination country

From: Risk factors for UK Plasmodium falciparum cases

 

Hazard Ratio (95% confidence interval)

p

Adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)

p

Purpose

 

<0. 0001*

 

<0. 0001*

VFR

6. 3 (5. 6–7. 0)

<0. 0001

7. 4 (6. 4–8. 5)

<0. 0001

Misc*

0. 43 (0. 29–0. 58)

<0. 0001

0. 43 (0. 27–0. 59)

<0. 0001

Business

2. 4 (2. 0–2. 9)

<0. 0001

3. 4 (2. 9–3. 8)

<0. 0001

Holiday

1

 

1

 

Missing

    

Age group (years)

 

<0. 0001*

 

<0. 0001*

0–15

1

 

1

 

16–24

0. 41 (0. 31–0. 58)

0. 002

0. 58 (0. 43–0. 80)

<0. 0001

25–34

0. 20 (0. 16–0. 26)

<0. 0001

0. 26 (0. 19–0. 32)

<0. 0001

35–44

0. 22 (0. 18–0. 31)

<0. 0001

0. 22 (0. 17–0. 28)

<0. 0001

45–54

0. 31 (0. 24–0. 41)

<0. 0001

0. 44 (0. 33–0. 55)

<0. 0001

55–64

0. 36 (0. 26–0. 49)

<0. 0001

0. 55 (0. 41–0. 77)

<0. 0001

65+

0. 49 (0. 33–0. 76)

<0. 0001

0. 45 (0. 31–0. 65)

<0. 0001

Missing

    

Total

    
  1. *Significance test for inclusion of the covariate obtained using likelihood ratio tests. IQR: Inter-quartile range. Misc: Miscellaneous purpose of travel.