Severity in Plasmodium vivax malaria claiming global vigilance and exploration – a tertiary care centre-based cohort study

Table 1 Association of complications with mortality by malaria species

Malaria species	Plasmodium vivax(N = 585)			Plasmodium falciparum(N = 317)			P-value*
Determinants of severity	Complicated N (%) 99 (16.90%)	Mortality N (%) 2 (0.34%)	P - value^#	Complicated N (%) 115 (36.30%)	Mortality N (%) 7 (2.21%)	P-value^#	<0.001
Cerebral malaria	4 (4)	0	1.00	20 (17.4)	4 (57.1)	<0.001	0.002
Spontaneous bleeding	35 (35.4)	0	1.00	31 (27.0)	4 (57.1)	0.002	0.24
PE/ARDS	34 (34.3)	2 (100)	0.003	29 (25.2)	4 (57.1)	0.002	0.18
Shock	3 (3)	0	1.00	7 (6.1)	0	1.00	0.35
Liver dysfunction	11 (11.1)	0	1.00	33 (28.7)	4 (57.1)	0.003	0.002
Severe anaemia	6 (6.1)	0	1.00	25 (21.7)	4 (57.1)	0.001	0.002
Haemoglobinuria	6 (6.1)	0	1.00	17 (14.9)	2 (28.6)	0.049	0.04
Renal failure	6 (6.1)	0	1.00	38 (33)	5 (71.4)	<0.001	<0.001
Respiratory distress	18 (18.2)	2 (100)	0.001	16 (13.9)	2 (28.6)	0.04	0.46
Metabolic acidosis	3 (3)	0	1.00	8 (7)	3 (42.9)	<0.001	0.23
Hyperparasitaemia	0	0	‡	10 (8.7)	1 (14.3)	0.20	0.002
Hypoglycaemia	0	0	‡	2 (1.7)	2 (28.6)	0.001	0.50

*P - value obtained for difference in complications across malaria species by either chi - square or Fischer’s exact test, significant values, i e, <0.05 are shown in bold face.
^#P - value obtained for association of mortality with each complications by malaria species by either Chi-square or Fischer’s exact test, significant values, i e, <0.05 are shown in bold face.
^‡Statistics could not be performed.

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