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Table 3 Factors associated with intensive care support^ (Malaria cohort = 922)

From: Determinants of mortality, intensive care requirement and prolonged hospitalization in malaria – a tertiary care hospital based cohort study from South-Western India

Risk factors

Intensive care support % (event/total number)

Odds ratio [95% confidence interval]*

P – value*

Adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]*

P – value*

Species of infection $

Plasmodium vivax

4.3 (25/585)

Reference

   

Plasmodium falciparum

15.1 (48/317)

4.00 [2.41 - 6.62]

<0.001

  

Age

Up to 40 years

6.2 (39/626)

Reference

   

Between 41–60 years

12.9 (32/248)

2.23 [1.36 - 3.65]

0.001

  

More than 60 years

16.7 (8/48)

3.01 [1.32 - 6.87]

0.01

  

Gender

Male

7.8 (59/760)

1.67 [0.98 - 2.87]

0.06

  

Female

12.3 (20/162)

Reference

   

More than 3 days of fever

11.1 (71/638)

5.55 [2.38 - 12.94]

<0.001

5.87 [1.56 - 22.10]

0.01

Determinants of severity

Cerebral malaria

64 (16/25)

25.53 [10.00 - 55.39]

<0.001

12.79 [2.94 - 55.71]

0.001

Spontaneous bleeding

36.6 (26/71)

8.70 [4.98 - 15.19]

<0.001

  

Pulmonary oedema/ARDS

46.9 (30/64)

14.57 [8.24 - 25.74]

<0.001

9.44 [4.07 - 21.88]

<0.001

Liver dysfunction

40.4 (19/47)

9.22 [4.87 - 17.46]

<0.001

  

Severe anaemia

29.4 (10/34)

4.93 [2.27 - 10.74]

<0.001

  

Haemoglobinuria

52 (13/25)

13.83 [6.07 - 31.54]

<0.001

  

Renal failure

47.9 (23/48)

13.44 [7.17 - 25.17]

<0.001

4.70 [1.74 - 12.69]

0.002

Respiratory distress

32.5 (13/40)

5.95 [2.93 - 12.08]

<0.001

5.50 [1.70 - 17.85]

0.005

Metabolic acidosis

76.9 (10/13)

40.58 [10.91 - 150.90]

<0.001

10.00 [1.26 - 79.57]

0.03

Hyperparasitaemia

40 (4/10)

7.44 [2.05 - 26.95]

0.002

5.69 [1.05 - 30.74]

0.04

Hypoglycaemia

50 (1/2)

10.42 [0.65 - 168.44]

0.10

#

#

Shock

36.4 (4/11)

6.37 [1.82 - 22.25]

0.004

  

Other abnormal lab parameters

Leucocytosis (≥11,000/mm3)

46.9 (23/49)

13.92 [7.41 - 26.16]

<0.001

4.17 [1.54 - 11.24]

0.005

Leucopaenia (≤4,000/mm3)

2.4 (4/169)

0.23 [0.08 - 0.63]

0.004

0.26 [0.07 - 1.00]

0.05

Severe thrombocytopaenia (≤40,000/mm3)

23.5 (48/204)

7.33 [4.43 - 12.12]

<0.001

5.70 [2.77 - 11.73]

<0.001

  1. *Confidence intervals that do not overlap the null value of odds ratio = 1, and P-value <0.05 are shown in bold font.
  2. #Statistics could not be computed.
  3. ^Patients with mortality outcome were excluded from analysis.
  4. $Mixed infection was excluded due to insufficient cohort size.
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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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