Are topical insect repellents effective against malaria in endemic populations? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Efficacy of topical repellents against Plasmodium vivax

Study	Repellent		Control		Risk ratio (95% confidence intervals)
	Cases	Population at risk	Cases	Population at risk	Risk ratio (95% confidence intervals)
Chen-Hussey et al.[34]	14	3,947	16	3,961	0.88 (0.43-1.80)
Deressa et al. ¹[29]	21	2,399	17	2,273	1.17 (0.62 - 2.21)
Hill et al.[33]	14	2,041	66	1,967	0.20 (0.12-0.36)
Kroeger et al. ²[37]	17.9%		24.1%		0.74³
McGready et al. ⁴[36]	67	316	70	266	0.81 (0.60-1.08)
Rowland et al.[35]	103	618	62	530	1.42 (1.06-1.91)
Vittal et al. ⁵[38]	8	228	13	411	1.11 (0.47-2.64)

¹Denominator is average of two follow up surveys, number of infections is combined total from two follow-up surveys - based on assumption that infections at 2-month time point were new infections (1 month between follow-up surveys); ²Trial conducted in two sites. This data is from Peru where according to manuscript 86% of cases were usually due to P. vivax. Since parasite species of cases was not determined, these cases were attributing to P. vivax; ³Counts and denominators not reported in manuscript so unable to calculate 95% confidence intervals; ⁴Cases and denominator back-calculated from percentages and confidence intervals reported in paper; ⁵Number of cases is combined total from two years of follow up.

ISSN: 1475-2875