Figure 4

Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis like cell-death in compound D-treated Plasmodium falciparum parasites. (A) (i) Bar graph showing reduction in ratio of JC-1 (red)/JC-1 (green) in parasite population after treatment with compound D. Two independent experiments were performed in duplicates. The error bars show the standard errors of the means. (ii) Fluorescent images of JC-1-stained parasites showing aggregated JC-1 (red) in the mitochondria and monomeric JC-1 (green) in the cytoplasm after treatment with solvent alone or compound D. Parasite nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). (B) (i) Bar graph showing percentage of TUNEL-positive parasites after treatment with compound D as compared to solvent alone (control). Two independent assays were performed in duplicates. The error bars show the standard errors of the means. (ii) Fluorescent images of parasites stained with TMR Red (TUNEL staining) showing DNA fragmentation after treatment with compound D.