Variable | Total | No AKI | Mild AKI | Moderate AKI | Severe AKI | Test-for-trend |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | (n = 137) | (n = 31) | (n = 32) | (n = 42) | (n = 32) |  |
  Age (years)a | 35 (23–45) | 26 (18–35) | 33 (25–40) | 35 (21–50) | 40 (28–48) | 0.003 |
  Malesc | 110 (80) | 27 (87) | 27 (84) | 30 (71) | 26 (81) | 0.301 |
Clinical | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  SBP (mmHg) | 111 (19) | 116 (15) | 113 (20) | 108 (20) | 107 (21) | 0.048 |
  RR (breaths/min)b | 31 (30–33) | 29 (27–30) | 34 (31–37) | 32 (29–34) | 32 (28–35) | 0.239 |
  GCS (#/15)a | 8 (6–11) | 8 (7–10) | 8 (5–10) | 9 (6–11) | 9 (5–12) | 0.937 |
Laboratory | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  HCT (%) | 30 (8) | 34 (7) | 30 (9) | 29 (8) | 29 (8) | 0.011 |
  Parasitaemia | 73209 | 46723 | 33560 | 174140 | 78018 | 0.070 |
   (#/μL)b | (50362–106419) | (19688–110884) | (11984–93981) | (120635–251377) | (36814–165340) | |
  Creatinine | 1.53 | 0.69 | 1.11 | 1.75 | 3.80 | <0.001 |
   (mg/dL)b | (1.37–1.72) | (0.63–0.76) | (1.03–1.21) | (1.60–1.91) | (3.26–4.43) | |
  BUN (mg/dL)b | 42 (37–48) | 21 (18–25) | 27 (23–32) | 57 (50–65) | 88 (73–105) | <0.001 |
  CrCl | 50.6 | 123.3 | 72.5 | 41.7 | 19.3 | <0.001 |
   (ml/min)b | (44.9–57.0) | (112.8–134.8) | (69.8–75.3) | (39.0–44.5) | (17.0–21.8) | |
  Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.4 (1.0) | 4.0 (0.7) | 4.4 (1.1) | 4.4 (0.7) | 4.6 (1.4) | 0.031 |
  Sodium (mmol/L) | 133 (7) | 129 (7) | 134 (5) | 133 (8) | 133 (6) | 0.069 |
  Albumin (g/L) | 29 (5) | 31 (5) | 30 (4) | 28 (5) | 27 (6) | <0.001 |
  Total bilirubin (mg/dL)b | 4.5 (3.8–5.4) | 4.1 (2.8–5.9) | 3.1 (2.3–4.1) | 4.9 (3.5–6.7) | 6.7 (4.7–9.6) | 0.011 |
  Direct bilirubin (mg/dL)b | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | 1.2 (0.8–2.0) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 2.2 (1.5–3.2) | 3.4 (2.2–5.2) | <0.001 |
  ALT (U/L)b | 30 (25–36) | 22 (17–28) | 30 (21–43) | 36 (25–51) | 34 (23–51) | 0.064 |
  Base excess (mmol/L) | -9 (7) | -4 (4) | -5 (4) | -11 (7) | -13 (7) | <0.001 |
  Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 17 (5) | 21 (4) | 19 (4) | 14 (5) | 14 (4) | <0.001 |
  pH | 7.37 (0.13) | 7.42 (0.08) | 7.42 (0.09) | 7.35 (0.12) | 7.30 (0.17) | <0.001 |
  pCO2 (mmHg) | 28 (7) | 32 (6) | 29 (7) | 25 (8) | 26 (7) | <0.001 |
  Lactate (mmol/L)b | 5.1 (4.6–5.6) | 4.3 (3.7–5.1) | 3.9 (3.2–4.7) | 7.1 (6.0–8.3) | 4.9 (3.8–6.4) | 0.029 |
Biomarkers | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  HRP2 | 1649 | 678 | 1413 | 2419 | 2833 | <0.001 |
   (ng/ml)b | (1297–2096) | (397–1156) | (967–2064) | (1715–3413) | (1648–4872) | |
  uNGAL/Ucr | 1262 | 750 | 1,012 | 1281 | 2549 | <0.001 |
   (pg/mg cr)b | (1097–1451) | (589–956) | (745–1376) | (1066–1541) | (1943–3345) | |
Outcomes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 RRT indicatedc | 39 (28) | 1 (3) | 2 (6) | 14 (33) | 22 (69) | <0.001 |
 Deathc | 53 (39) | 12 (39) | 8 (25) | 19 (45) | 14 (44) | 0.333 |