Herniation syndromes | Posturing (n = 163) | No posturing (n = 254) | P Value |
---|
Uncal1 | 2 (1.2) | 2 (0.8) | 0.64 |
Diencephalic2 | 8 (4.9) | 2 (0.8) | 0.02 |
Midbrain/upper pontine3 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.8) | 0.52 |
Lower pontine4 | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.4) | 0.56 |
Medullary5 | 19 (11.7) | 12 (4.7) | 0.01 |
- 1 Unilateral mydriasis and unilateral fixed pupil, unilateral ptosis, minimal or no oculocephalic eye deviation and hemiparesis
- 2 Cheynes-Stokes respiration, small or midpoint pupils reactive to light, full deviation of oculocephalic response, flexor response to pain and/or decorticate posturing, hypertonia and or hypereflexia with extensor planters
- 3 Hyperventilation, midpoint pupils fixed to light, minimal oculocephalic deviation, extensor response to pain or decerebrate posturing
- 4 Shallow or ataxic respiration, midpoint pupils fixed to light, no oculocephalic response, flexion of legs only, no response to pain or decorticate posturing, flaccid with extensor planters
- 5 Slow irregular or gasping respirations, dilated pupils fixed to light, respiratory arrest with adequate cardiac output