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Table 5 Adjusted risk estimates for low birth weight, preterm delivery, and maternal anaemia according to diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum

From: Detection and clinical manifestation of placental malaria in southern Ghana

Positive diagnosis

Low birth weight

Preterm delivery

Anaemia

 

aOR (95%CI)

P

aOR (95%CI)

P

aOR (95%CI)

P

Peripheral blood

      

Microscopy

0.9 (0.6–1.5)

ns

1.1 (0.7–1.7)

ns

1.6 (1.1–2.3)

0.01

HRP2 test

1.2 (0.8–1.8)

ns

1.4 (0.9–2.0)

ns

2.0 (1.5–2.7)

<0.0001

PCR

1.1 (0.8–1.7)

ns

1.1 (0.7–1.5)

ns

2.1 (1.6–2.9)

<0.0001

HRP2 test if microscopy negative

1.5 (0.9–2.5)

ns

1.7 (1.0–2.7)

0.03

2.1 (1.4–3.2)

0.0002

PCR if microscopy negative

1.2 (0.8–1.9)

ns

1.0 (0.7–1.6)

ns

2.0 (1.4–2.8)

<0.0001

Placental blood

      

Microscopy

1.1 (0.7–1.7)

ns

1.1 (0.7–1.6)

ns

2.2 (1.6–2.9)

<0.0001

Haemozoin

1.3 (0.8–1.9)

ns

1.3 (0.9–1.9)

ns

2.8 (2.0–3.9)

<0.0001

HRP2 test

1.5 (1.0–2.2)

0.04

1.4 (1.0–2.1)

0.055

2.3 (1.7–3.2)

<0.0001

PCR

1.2 (0.8–1.9)

ns

1.1 (0.8–1.6)

ns

2.4 (1.7–3.3)

<0.0001

Stage of infection

      

   Resolved

1.5 (0.8–3.0)

ns

1.5 (0.8–2.9)

ns

2.0 (1.1–3.4)

0.02

   Late

1.2 (0.8–1.9)

ns

1.2 (0.8–1.9)

ns

3.4 (2.3–4.9)

<0.0001

   Early

1.1 (0.6–2.1)

ns

1.0 (0.5–1.8)

ns

1.2 (0.8–2.0)

ns

  1. aOR, adjusted odds ratio, 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; ns, not significant, P > 0.1. Odds ratios are adjusted for age (years), parity (log10), and antenatal care (≤, > 3 visits).