From chloroquine to artemisinin-based combination therapy: the Sudanese experience

Table 1 Susceptibility of P. falciparum to antimalarials in Sudan, 1975–2005.

Period	Drugs tested	Regions	Protocol used	follow-up (days)	Failure rate (%)	References number
1975–97	CQ	central	Standard WHO in-vivo test	7–28	0.8–25.0	7, 10
		eastern			43.0–48.0	8, 9
1998–03	CQ	central	WHO 1996	14–28	25.0–75.0	11, 12
		eastern	WHO 1996	28	76.9	13
		southern	WHO 1996, EANMAT 1999	14–28	11.5–93.9	14, 15
		north Sudan	WHO 1996	14	32.0–70.0	UPD
	SP	eastern	WHO 1996	28	0.0–19.4	16, 17
		southern	WHO 1996, EANMAT 1999	14–28	0.0–69.9	15, 14
		north Sudan	WHO 1996	28	1.3–7.8	UPD
	AQ	southern	WHO 1996, EANMAT 1999	14	5.9–25.2	14, 15
	MQ	eastern	WHO 1996	28	7.5	20
	Q	eastern	WHO 1996	28	9.4–10.7	13
	CQ+SP	eastern	WHO 2003	28	2.5–36.0	17, UPD
		central	WHO 1996	28	15.5–20.0	UPD
	AS+SP	western	WHO 2003	28	8.8	21
		southern	WHO 2003, 1996	28–42	0.0–0.9	22
		central	WHO 2003	28	0.0	UPD
	AS+AQ	western	WHO 2003	28	7.3	21
		southern	WHO 2003, 1996	42	1.0	22
2004–05	AS+SP	eastern	WHO 2003	28	0.0–0.7	18, 23
		southern	WHO 2003, 1996	28–42	0.0	23
		central	WHO 2003	28	0.0	23, 24, UPD
	ART+ LUM	southern	WHO 2003	28	0.0	UPD
		central	WHO 2003	28	0.0	24